Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery Health in Electric Bicycles Using Internal Resistance Measurement Method
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26418/elkha.v16i1.78316Keywords:
Electric Bicycle Battery, Distance Traveled, DC Brushless Motor, Battery Performance, Travel TimeAbstract
This study evaluates the performance of a 36 Volt 10 Ah battery in an electric bicycle with a 350-Watt Brushless DC (BLDC) motor as an environmentally friendly alternative to overcome the negative impacts of motorized vehicle use in Indonesia. In addition, this study measured the State of Health battery"™s value of internal resistance, which is different from other studies that use capacity fading. With a focus on maximum travel distance and travel time, experiments were conducted without load and with a 70kg load. The no-load test was conducted only once, resulting in a travel time of 600 minutes and a distance of 330.1 Km. Although the battery was not discharged, the results were not in line with expectations, so the no-load test was only conducted once. In the 70kg load test, six trials were conducted with variable measurements of distance, battery voltage, and battery resistance. Results showed variations in distance between 50.7 km and 53.1 km, and travel time between 151 and 160 minutes. The battery voltage varied from 31.316 Volts to 31.850 Volts. The resistance in the battery also showed an increase of about 0.0001 ohms from 0.1132 ohms to 0.1139 ohms. Overall, the results from the study showed that as time and usage progressed, the battery voltage and internal resistance values tended to increase, while the distance and travel time tended to decrease. The internal resistance measurement method proved to be effective in assessing battery health as the State of Health value decreased throughout the experiment.
References
D. I. Stroe and E. Schaltz, “Lithium-Ion Battery State-of-Health Estimation Using the Incremental Capacity Analysis Technique,†in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2020, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 678–685. doi: 10.1109/TIA.2019.2955396.
M. Danko, J. Adamec, M. Taraba, and P. Drgona, “Overview of batteries State of Charge estimation methods,†in Transportation Research Procedia, 2019, vol. 40, pp. 186–192. doi: 10.1016/j.trpro.2019.07.029.
J. Sihvo, D. I. Stroe, T. Messo, and T. Roinila, “Fast Approach for Battery Impedance Identification Using Pseudo-Random Sequence Signals,†IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 2548–2557, 2020,
A. Yang et al., “A comprehensive investigation of lithium-ion battery degradation performance at different discharge rates,†J. Power Sources, vol. 443, p. 227108, Dec. 2019.
Y. Abe, N. Hori, and S. Kumagai, “Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy on the performance degradation of LiFePO4/graphite lithium-ion battery due to charge-discharge cycling under different c-rates,†Energies, vol. 12, no. 23, p. 4507, Nov. 2019.
Q. Fitriyah, R. Aritha, B. N.-P. S. Nasional, and U. 2020, “Karakteristik Logic IR2103 Pada Motor BLDC Untuk Aplikasi Sepeda Listrik,†Pros. Semin. Nas. NCIET, vol. 1, no. 1, 2020.
P. Vishnu Sidharthan and Y. Kashyap, “Brushless DC hub motor drive control for electric vehicle applications,†in 2020 1st International Conference on Power, Control and Computing Technologies, ICPC2T 2020, 2020, pp. 448–453.
S. Pareza, P. Purwantono, R. Lapisa, and P. Primawati, “Build Design Of Electric Bike As Energy Efficient Transportation,†Motiv. J. Mech. Electr. Ind. Eng., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 65–72, 2020,
B. Theys and J. De Schutter, “Virtual Motor Torque Sensing for Multirotor Propulsion Systems,†IEEE Robot. Autom. Lett., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 4149–4155, 2021.
M. F. Cabanas, S. B. Duque, J. D. González, F. P. González, and M. G. Fernández, “Preliminary results of a hybrid thermoelectric propulsion system for a multirotor uas with active rectifying, electronic throttle control and supercapacitors,†Appl. Sci., vol. 11, no. 17, 2021.
A. K. Mishra, A. K. Singh, and G. M. Vishwanath, “A Fuel-Efficient BLDC Motor-Driven Light Electric Vehicle With Single-Stage Onboard Charging System,†IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrif., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 4909–4921, 2023.
S. S. A. Kinabalu and Syahrial, “Perancangan Sepeda Listrik 350 W dengan Metode VDI 2221 untuk Ibu Rumah Tangga Perumahan,†Pros. Semin. Nas. Energi, Telekomun. dan Otomasi, pp. 9–17, 2021.
R. B. Setiawan, Ms. Dr. Muhamad Reza., S.T., and P. Sigit Yuwono ., ST., MSc., “Implementasi Sistem Monitoring Jarak Tempuh Pada Sepeda Motor Listrik,†eProceedings, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 2732–2741, 2019.
M. Ikhsan, B. Widi, S. Wilyanti, A. Olivia, S. Faizah, and A. Pangestu, “Pengaruh Pembebanan Dan Pengaturan Kecepatan Motor BLDC 1 KW Pada Sepeda Motor Listrik,†J. Edukasi Elektro, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 149–156, 2022.
Joel Veryanto Hutagaol, D. Setiawan, and H. Eteruddin, “Perancangan Sistem Monitoring Kendaraan Listrik,†J. Tek., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 96–102, 2022.
D. Almanda and I. T. Ramadhan, “Analisis Kebutuhan Motor Listrik Untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Waktu Tunggu Elevator,†Resist. (Elektronika Kendali Telekomun. Tenaga List. Komputer), vol. 4, no. 2, p. 91, 2021.
A. Ibrahim and F. Jiang, “The electric vehicle energy management: An overview of the energy system and related modeling and simulation,†Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 144. 2021.
R. P. Putra, “Desain Sistem Pengereman Regeneratif Pada Sepeda Listrik Ringkas,†ENERGI & KELISTRIKAN, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 11–19, 2021,
Y. Fu, J. Xu, M. Shi, and X. Mei, “A Fast Impedance Calculation-Based Battery State-of-Health Estimation Method,†IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 69, no. 7, pp. 7019–7028, 2022.
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. Proposed Policy for Journals That Offer Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
2. Proposed Policy for Journals That Offer Delayed Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, with the work [SPECIFY PERIOD OF TIME] after publication simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
