Analysis of the Effect of Temperature on Performance Efficiency in Three Phase Transformers

Authors

  • Yoga Tri Nugraha Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Al-Azhar Medan, Indonesia http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-0638
  • Adam Pangestu Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Al-Azhar Medan, Indonesia
  • Sumita Wardani Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Al-Azhar Medan, Indonesia
  • Muhammad Irwanto Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Faisal Irsan Pasaribu Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
  • Noorly Evalina Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26418/elkha.v17i2.92879

Keywords:

Temperature effect, Transformers efficiency, Three phase transformers, Transformers performance, MATLAB.

Abstract

Transformers are essential components in electrical power distribution systems, and their performance is significantly influenced by operating temperature. High temperatures can lead to increased power losses, particularly copper losses, which reduce transformer efficiency. This research examines the impact of temperature on the efficiency of three-phase transformers, focusing on copper losses and the role of cooling systems in maintaining optimal performance. Using a combination of Thermovision infrared imaging and MATLAB simulations, this research introduces a novel integrated approach to correlate real-time thermal data with theoretical modeling of transformer losses. Unlike previous research that relies solely on either simulation or temperature sensors, the use of Thermovision provides spatially resolved, non-invasive temperature measurements that validate and enhance the accuracy of MATLAB-based thermal-electrical models. The results reveal that the operational temperature of 52.9 °C, as detected by Thermovision, is within safe limits; however, higher temperatures significantly decrease efficiency. The efficiency drops from 92.8% at 25 °C to 90.4% at 120 °C. The exponential trend in copper losses with temperature rise underscores the critical role of effective cooling and temperature monitoring systems. While the magnetic flux remains constant, maintaining lower operating temperatures is essential to prevent premature damage and extend transformer lifespan. Thermovision results were used to validate the simulations. Despite small discrepancies, the consistent pattern provides confidence that the simulation model is sufficiently accurate for performance prediction.

Author Biographies

Yoga Tri Nugraha, Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Al-Azhar Medan, Indonesia

Yoga Tri Nugraha S.T., M.T., CST, CMPA, CAHSEE Master of EngineeringHead of Department at Universitas Al-Azhar Medan Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Al-Azhar Medan

Muhammad Irwanto, Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Indonesia

Muhammad Irwanto, S.T., M.T., Ph.D.

Faisal Irsan Pasaribu, Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

Assoc.Prof. Faisal Irsan Pasaribu, ST, S.Pd, MT, lahir tahun 1981. Menyelesaikan Pendidikan S-1 Teknik Elektro di Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara Pada Tahun 2003, menyelesaikan Pendidikan Keguruan Ilmu Pendidikan Matematika di Universitas Muslim Nusantara Pada Tahun 2011. Melanjutkan Pendidikan S-2 di Program Pascasarjana Teknik Elektro Universitas Sumatera Utara, selesai pada tahun 2014. saat ini melanjutkan Pendidikan Doktor Ilmu Teknik di Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh. Dan Saat ini diamanahkan sebagai Ketua Prodi Teknik Elektro Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara dari Tahun 2017 – 2025. Mendapatkan kepangkatan dari LL DIKTI 1 sebagai Lektor Kepala (550)/IV b di Tahun 2024. Sebagai Reviewer Nasional Praktisi Mengajar Angkatan 1 sampai 4, Aktif di Kepengurusan Masyarakat Ketenagalistrikan Indonesia (MKI) SUMUT Tahun 2020-2024 sebagai Ketua Departemen PLTGU/PLTU. Aktif juga di Forum Teknik Elektro Indonesia (Fortei Regional 1 Sumatera, 2023-2025) sebagai anggota Divisi Pendidikan, Bidang Keahlian riset : 1. Kualitas Daya (Power Quality) 2. Manajemen Energi Listrik 3. Sistem pengukuran dan kontrol

Noorly Evalina, Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

Noorly Evalina, ST., MT lahir di Rantau Prapat pada tahun 1969. Menyelesaikan pendidikan Sarjana Teknik Elektro pada tahun 1993 di Universitas Al-Azhar Medan, serta meraih gelar Magister Teknik Elektro dari Institut Sains dan Teknologi Jakarta pada tahun 2012.

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Published

2025-10-20

Issue

Vol. 17 No.2 October 2025

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Vol. 17 No.2 October 2025

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