BEHIND TRADE BALANCE SURPLUS IN KALIMANTAN BARAT AMIDST COVID-19 PANDEMIC
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26418/jebik.v10i3.49264Keywords:
neraca perdagangan, ekspor, indeks fisher, hilirisasi, statistik deskriptif, covid-19Abstract
ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine general exports/imports structure, find the commodities and their salient characteristics, and measure changes in primary commodities price during the pandemic in Kalimantan Barat. The data used is Kalimantan Barat's export and import from Statistics Indonesia over January 2019 - June 2021 through descriptive analysis method and Fisher Index unit value. The results explain that three primary export commodities are bauxite, palm oil, and rubber. Bauxite and natural rubber were shocked by the pandemic, but palm oil can still hold. The government encourages downstream activities for bauxite and palm oil to produce value-added products, while rubber pays more attention to upstream quality. The contribution of exports is relatively significant to affect economic growth with the downstream process performed by the government; tremendous added value can be seen in palm oil commodities. Imports are beneficial because they add intermediate materials to support industrial processes. The recommendation is that local governments continue intensive monitoring and evaluation of smelter construction even during the Covid-19 pandemic, concentrate on the grade of palm oil downstream for its sustainability, and improve rubber trading system and capacity building for rubber extension officers to provide adequate guidance to rubber farmers.
JEL : F10, F19, F40.
Keywords: trade balance, export, fisher index, downstream, descriptive statistics, covid-19.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran umum struktur ekspor/impor; mengetahui komoditas utama dan karakteristik yang menonjol; serta mengukur perubahan harga komoditas utama selama pandemi di Kalimantan Barat. Data yang digunakan adalah data ekspor dan impor Kalimantan Barat yang dikumpulkan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik selama periode Januari 2019 - Juli 2021 dengan analisis deskriptif dan Indeks Fisher. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa neraca perdagangan masih didominasi oleh aktivitas ekspor. Tiga komoditas ekspor utama adalah bauksit, minyak sawit dan karet. Pemerintah mendorong kegiatan hilirisasi pada komoditas bauksit dan kelapa sawit untuk menghasilkan produk bernilai tambah, sementara komoditas karet justru lebih memperhatikan kualitas hulu. Kontribusi ekspor sangat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi dengan proses hilirisasi yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah, nilai tambah yang sangat besar terlihat pada komoditas minyak sawit. Aktivitas impor juga sangat menunjang perekonomian, selama impor yang dimanfaatkan adalah bahan baku penolong untuk mendukung proses industri. Oleh karena itu disarankan untuk pemerintah daerah agar tetap melakukan pengawasan dan evaluasi secara intensif berkala terhadap progres pembangunan smelter meskipun di masa pandemi Covid-19, memperhatikan kualitas produk hilir minyak sawit agar dapat terus berkelanjutan, memperbaiki tata niaga karet serta meningkatkan kualitas penyuluh karet agar tepat sasaran dalam melakukan pembinaan kepada petani karet.
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