The Influence of Creative Oriented Leadership & Communication Skills on Innovative Work Behavior the Mediating Role of Job Crafting Study of Employees at Public Health Office in Pontianak City

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of creative-oriented leadership and communication skills on innovative work behavior and the mediating role of job crafting. Currently, the demand for quality improvement and access to public services, especially health sector is increasing and this is expected to be a driving force for policy makers and health service providers to be more innovative and creative so that health services are more accessible, quality, equitable and affordable in whole society. Therefore, the government has a goal to provide quality public health services which develop a sustainable health development plan that are expected to provide satisfaction and happiness for the whole society. The type of research used is descriptive and causal with the research method used is explanatory research. The population in this study were 99 employees of the Pontianak City Public Health Office. The sampling method used was saturated sampling. In this study, the data analysis method using Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square (SEMPLS) which using SmartPLS 3.3 software. The results of the study show that Creative Oriented Leadership and Communication Skills has a significant impact on Job Crafting. Meanwhile, Creative Oriented Leadership, Communication Skills and Job Crafting has insignificant impact on Innovative Work Behavior. The variable of Innovative Work Behavior not proven to plays a role as partial mediation.

Keywords: Creative Oriented Leadership, Communication Skills, Job Crafting, Innovative Work Behavior.

Adhiatma, Ardian, Tina Rahayu, and Olivia Fachrunnisa. "Gamified training: a new concept to improve individual soft skills." Jurnal Siasat Bisnis 23.2 (2019): 127-141.

Adler, P. (1995). Interdepartmental inter-dependence and coordination: The case of the design/manufacturing interface. Organization Science, 6(2), 147"“167.

Afsar, B., & Umrani, W. A. (2019). Transformational leadership and innovative work behavior: The role of motivation to learn, task complexity and innovation climate.  European Journal of Innovation Management.

Afsar, B., Badir, Y. and Kiani, U.S. (2016), "Linking spiritual leadership and employee pro-environmental behavior: the influence of workplace spirituality, intrinsic motivation, and environmental passion", Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 45, pp. 79-88.

Arif, S., Zubair, A., & Manzoor, Y. (2012). Innovative work behavior and communication climate among employees of advertising agencies. FWU Journal of Social Sciences, 6(1), 65.

Bakker, A. B., Tims, M., & Derks, D. (2012). Proactive personality and job performance: The role of job crafting and work engagement. Human Relations, 65, 1359-1378.

Basadur, M. (2004). Leading other to think innovatively together: Creative leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 15, 103"“121.

Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Basu, R., & Green, S. G. (1997). Leader-Member exchange and transformational leadership: An empirical examination of innovative behaviors in leader- member dydas. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27(6), 477-499.  

Berg, J. M., Dutton, J. E., & Wrzesniewski, A. (2008). What is job crafting and why does it matter? Retrieved form the website of Positive Organizational Scholarship on April, 15, 2011.

Bos-Nehles, A., Bondarouk, T. and Nijenhuis, K. (2017), "Innovative work behaviour in knowledge- intensive public sector organizations: the case of supervisors in The Netherlands fire services", The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 28 No. 2, pp. 379-398.

Chung, Y., & Jackson, S. E. (2013). The internal and external networks of knowledge- intensive teams: The role of task routineness. Journal of Management, 39(2), 442"“468. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310394186.

Colakoglu, S., Chung, Y., & Ceylan, C. (2021). Collaboration-based HR systems and innovative work behaviors: The role of information exchange and HR system strength. European Management Journal.

Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94, S95"“S120.

Connolly, T. and Thorn, B.K. (1990), "Discretionary databases: theory, data, and implications", Organizations and Communication Technology, Vol. 219, pp. 219-233.

Dachner, A.M. and Miguel, R. (2015), "Job crafting: an unexplored benefit of friendships in project teams", SAM Advanced Management Journal, Vol. 80 No. 2, p. 13.

Daniels, K., Glover, J., Beesley, N., Wimalasiri, V., Cohen, L., Cheyne, A., & Hislop, D. (2013). Utilizing job resources: Qualitative evidence of the roles of job control and social support in problem solving. Work & Stress, 27, 200-221.

De Jong, J. and Den Hartog, D. (2010), "Measuring innovative work behaviour", Creativity and Innovation Management, Vol. 19 No. 1, pp. 23-36.

De Jong, J. P. and Den Hartog, D.N. (2007), "How leaders influence employees"™ innovative behavior", European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol.10 No. 1, pp.41-64.

Demerouti, E. (2014). Design your own job through job crafting. European Psychologist, 19, 237"“247. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016- 9040/a000188.

Deniz, K. (2007). A study on persuading students through speaking and listening at the second stage of the primary education. Ankara (Turkey): Unpublished PhD Thesis, Ankara (Turkey): Gazi University.

Devito, J. A. (2011). Komunikasi Antar Manusia. Pamulang - Tangerang  Selatan: Karisma Publishing Group.

Devloo, T., Anseel, F., De Beuckelaer, A. and Salanova, M. (2015), "Keep the fire burning: reciprocal gains of basic need satisfaction, intrinsic motivation and innovative work behaviour", European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 24 No. 4, pp. 491-504.

Diana, L. N., & Sudarma, K. (2021). The Effect of Emotional Intelligence and Transformational Leadership on Innovative Work Behavior with Psychological Empowerment as a Variable Mediation. Management Analysis Journal, 10(2), 223-232  

DiSalvo, V., Larsen, D. C., & Seiler, W. J. (1976). Communication skills needed by persons in business organizations. Communication Education, 25(4), 269-275.

Edwards, D., Cheng, M., Wong, I. A., Zhang, J., & Wu, Q. (2017). Ambassadors of Knowledge Sharing: Co- Produced Travel Information Through Tourist-Local Social Media Exchange. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(2), 690-708. doi: 10.1108/ IJCHM-10-2015-0607.

Esteves, T., & Pereira Lopes, M. (2017). Leading to crafting: The relation between leadership perception and nurses"™ job crafting. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 39(6), 763-783.

Farid, M. A. B. M., Kee, D. M. H., Mohamad, M. S. B., Hameem, M. S. U. B., & Zulkafli, A. Z. B. (2020). The role of leadership and leader"™s behavioral characteristic on employees: A study of Petronas Berhad. International Journal of Applied Business and International Management, 5(3), 63-68.

Farr, J. and Ford, C. (1990) Individual Innovation. In West, M. and Farr, J. (eds.), Managing Innovation. Sage, London.

Ferdinan, B. A., & Lindawati, T. (2021). The Effect of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture on Lecturer Performance Through Innovative Work Behavior at Catholic Universities in Surabaya. International Journal of Applied Business and International Management (IJABIM), 6(2), 113-123.

Ghozali. (2014). Structural Equation Modeling, Metode Alternatif dengan Partial Least Square (PLS), Edisi 4. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.

Gjerde, S., & Ladegård, G. (2019). Leader role crafting and the functions of leader role identities. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 26(1), 44-59.

Hetland, J., Hetland, H., Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2018). Daily transformational leadership and employee job crafting: The role of promotion focus. European Management Journal, 36(6), 746-756.

Hetland, J., Hetland, H., Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2018). Daily transformational leadership and employee job crafting: The role of promotion focus. European Management Journal, 36(6), 746-756.

Janssen, O. (2000), "Job demands, perceptions of effort"reward fairness and innovative work behaviour", Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 73 No. 3, pp. 287-302.

Keyton, J. (2005). Communication and Organizational Culture. California: Thousand Oaks.

Khalili, A. (2017). Creative and innovative leadership: measurement development and validation. Management Research Review.

Khan, M. J., Aslam, N., & Riaz, M. N. (2012). Leadership styles as predictors of innovative work behavior. Pakistan Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 9(2).  

Khan, M. M., Mubarik, M. S., & Islam, T. (2020). Leading the innovation: Role of trust and job crafting as sequential mediators relating servant leadership and innovative work behavior. European Journal of Innovation Management.

Khan, M. M., Mubarik, M. S., Islam, T., Rehman, A., Ahmed, S. S., Khan, E., & Sohail, F. (2021). How servant leadership triggers innovative work behavior: exploring the sequential mediating role of psychological empowerment and job crafting. European Journal of Innovation Management.

Kim, H., Im, J., Qu, H., & Koong, N. J. (2018). Antecedent and Consequences of Job Crafting: An Organizational Level Approach. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(3), 1863-1881. doi:10.1108/ IJCHM-01-2017-0040.

Kimmerle, J., Wodzicki, K., Jarodzka, H. and Cress, U. (2011), "Value of information, behavioral guidelines, and social value orientation in an information-exchange dilemma", Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, Vol. 15 No. 2, p. 173.

Mossholder, K. W., Richardson, H. A., & Settoon, R. P. (2011). Human resource systems and helping in organizations: A relational perspective. Academy of Management Review, 36(1), 33"“52. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2009.0402.

Mumford, M. D., Connelly, S., & Gaddis, B. (2003). How creative leaders think: Experimental findings and cases. Leadership Quarterly, 14, 411"“432.

Mumford, M. D., Scott, G. M., Gaddis, B., & Strange, J. M. (2002). Leading creative people: Orchestrating expertise and relationships. Leadership Quarterly, 13, 705"“750.

Ness, Ingunn Johanne. "Polyphonic orchestration"“facilitating creative knowledge processes for innovation." European Journal of Innovation Management (2017).

Northouse, P. G. (2014). Introduction to leadership: Concepts and practice (p. 352). SAGE Publications, Incorporated.

Park, S., & Park, S. (2021). Contextual antecedents of job crafting: review and future research agenda. European Journal of Training and Development.

Petrou, P., Demerouti, E., Peeters, M. C. W., Schaufeli, W.B., & Hetland, J. (2012). Crafting A Job On Adaily Basis: Contextual Correlates And The Link To Work Engagement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(8), 1120-1141. doi:10.1002/ Job.1783.

Petrou, P., Demerouti, E., Peeters, M. C. W., Schaufeli, W.B., & Hetland, J. (2012). Crafting A Job On Adaily Basis: Contextual Correlates And The Link To Work Engagement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(8), 1120-1141. doi:10.1002/ Job.1783.

Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2015). Organizational Behavior (17th Editi).

Saleem, M., Tufail, M., Atta, A. & Asghar, S. (2015). Innovative workplace behavior, motivation level, and perceived stress among healthcare employees. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS), 9(2), 438-446.

Scott, S.G. and Bruce, R.A. (1994), "Determinants of innovative behavior: a path model of individual innovation in the workplace", Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 37 No. 3, pp. 580-607.

Singh, M. and Sarkar, A. (2012), "The relationship between psychological empowerment and innovative behavior: a dimensional analysis with job involvement as mediator", Journal of Personnel Psychology, Vol. 11 No. 3, pp. 127-137.

Sternberg, R. J. (2007). A systems model of leadership: WICS. American Psychologist. Leadership, 62(1), 34"“42.

Supriyanto, A. S., Sujianto, A. E., & Ekowati, V. M. (2020). Factors affecting innovative work behavior: Mediating role of knowledge sharing and job crafting. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics, and Business, 7(11), 999-1007.  

Tierney, P. (2008). Leadership and employee creativity. (J. Zhou & C. E. Shalley, Eds.) (Handbook). New York: NY: Erlbaum.

Tims, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Job crafting: Towards a new model of individual job redesign. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 36(2), 1-9.

Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2012). Development and validation of the job crafting scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80, 173-186.

Uen, J. F., Vandavasi, R. K. K., Lee, K., Yepuru, P., & Saini, V. (2021). Job crafting and psychological capital: a multi-level study of their effects on innovative work behaviour. Team Performance Management: An International Journal.

Usmanova, N., Yang, J., Sumarliah, E., Khan, S. U., & Khan, S. Z. (2020). Impact of knowledge sharing on job satisfaction and innovative work behavior: the moderating role of motivating language. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 51(3), 515-532.

Van den Heuvel, M., Demerouti, E. and Peeters, M.C.W. (2015), "The job crafting intervention: effects on job resources, self-efficacy, and affective well-being", Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 88 No. 3, pp. 511-532.

Wang, C., Cardon, P. W., Li, C. R., & Li, C. X. (2020). The Influences of Open Communication by Senior Leaders and Legitimacy Judgments on Effective Open Innovation. International Journal of Business Communication.

Weseler, D., & Niessen, C. (2016). How job crafting relates to task performance. Journal of Managerial Psychology.

Wong, M. Y. (2007). Transformational leadership and job satisfaction of advanced practice nurses in public health settings. Retrieved from http://media.wiley.com/assets/1801/43/Wong_Abstract_020409.pdf

Wong, S. I., Å kerlavaj, M., & ÄŒerne, M. (2017). Build coalitions to fit: Autonomy expectations, competence mobilization, and job crafting. Human Resource Management, 56(5), 785-801.

Woodcock, R. J., & Crow, C. (2010). Social Work Practice Strategies and Professional Identity within Private Fostering: A Critical Exploration. Adoption and Fostering, 34, 41"“51.

Wrzesniewski, A. and Dutton, J.E. (2001), "Crafting a job: REVISIONING employees as active crafters OF their work", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 26 No. 2, pp. 179-201.

Ye, Pinghao, Liqiong Liu, and Joseph Tan. "Creative leadership, innovation climate and innovation behaviour: the moderating role of knowledge sharing in management." European Journal of Innovation Management (2021).

Yen, C. H., Tsaur, S. H., & Tsai, C. H. (2018). Tour leaders"™ job crafting: Scale development. Tourism Management, 69, 52-61.

Yen, C.L. (2017), "The tradeoff between fit perceptions across recruitment stages by new job seekers", International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 29 No. 10, pp. 2610-2628.

Yuan, F., & Woodman, R. W. (2010). Innovative behavior in the workplace: The role of performance and image outcome expectations. Academy of management journal, 53(2), 323-342.