PENGARUH MANAJEMEN WAKTU, AKTUALISASI DIRI DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP PRESTASI AKADEMIK MAHASISWA YANG BEKERJA (STUDI KASUS PADA MAHASISWA REGULER DAN PPAPK FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS UNIVERSITAS TANJUNGPURA)

Abstract

This study aims to analyse and explain the influence of Time Management, Self-Actualization, and Work Environment on the Academic Achievement of Working Students. The target population for this research includes students enrolled in the Faculty of Economics and Business at Tanjungpura University during the period from 2020 to 2022, totalling 5,160 students. A sample of 100 respondents was selected from this population using purposive sampling techniques and a questionnaire method. The analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression tests. The hypothesis testing results indicate that time management has a significant effect on the academic achievement of working students, self-actualization has a significant effect on the academic achievement of working students, but the work environment does not affect the academic achievement of working students

Reference

Abas Sunarya, P., bin Ladjamuddin, A.-B. B., Joko Dewanto, I., Raharja Informatika, A., Teknik Informatika -STMIK Raharja, M., & Sudirman, J. (2017). Hubungan Antara Manajemen Waktu Dengan Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa Program Studi D3 Komputerisasi Akuntansi AMIK Raharja Informatika. 3(2), 2356"“5209. Adams, R. V., & Blair, E. (2019). Impact of Time Management Behaviors on Undergraduate Engineering Students"™ Performance. SAGE Open, 9(1), 1"“ 11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018824506 Ahmad, S., Batool, A., & Choudhry, A. H. (2019). Path Relationship of Time Management and Academic Achievement of Students in Distance Learning Institutions. Pakistan Journal of Distance and Online Learning, 5(2), 191- 208. Ahmad, S., Batool, A., & Hussain Ch, A. (2019). Pakistan Journal of Distance & Online Learning Path Relationship of Time Management and Academic Achievement of Students in Distance Learning Institutions. Pakistan Journal of Distance & Online Learning, 5(2). Al-Obaydi, L. H. (2020). Risk-taking and Self-actualization in EFL Positive Classroom Environment. ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 3(3), 352"“365. Andari, N. D., & Nugraheni, R. (2023). Analisi Pengaruh Manajemen Waktu, Motivasi Kuliah, dan Aktualisasi Diri Terhadap Prestasi Akademik Mahasiswa yang Bekerja. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi dan Bisnis (D-JOM), 6(1), 1-10. Asri, A., Amin, M., & Mawardi, M. C. (2020). Pengaruh Persepsi Mahasiswa Akuntansi Mengenai Lingkungan Kerja Akuntan Publik Dan Etika Profesi Akuntan Publik Terhadap Pilihan Karir Sebagai Akuntan Publik (Studi Kasus Pada Mahasiswa Akuntansi Unisma, Umm, Dan Um). eJurnal Ilmiah Riset Akuntansi, 9(09). Baldi, P., & Long, A. D. (2001). A Bayesian framework for the analysis of microarray expression data: regularized t-test and statistical inferences of gene changes. In BIOINFORMATICS (Vol. 17, Issue 6). https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article/17/6/509/272363 Boone, H. N., & Boone Deborah A. (2012). Analyzing Likert Data. Journal of Extension, 50(2), 1"“5. http://www.joe.org/joe/2012april/tt2p.shtml[8/20/20129:07:48AM] Borjas, M. P., Ricardo, C., Escalante-Barrios, E. L., Valencia, J., & Aparicio, J. (2020). Financial Independence and Academic Achievement: Are There Key Factors of Transition to Adulthood for Young Higher Education Christensen, & Johnson. (2014). Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Approaches (Reid Hester & Theresa Accomazzo, Eds.; 5th ed.). SAGE Publications Ltd. Colin Brown, B. R., & Prendergast, L. J. (2020). Improving Academic Performance through a Unique Curriculum Development Process. Journal for Leadership and Instruction, 33"“37. Compton, W. C. (2018). Self-Actualization Myths: What Did Maslow Really Say? Journal of Humanistic Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167818761929 Crnogaj, K., Tominc, P., & Rožman, M. (2022). A Conceptual Model of Developing an Agile Work Environment. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/su142214807 Darolia, R. (2014). Working (and studying) day and night: Heterogeneous effects of working on the academic performance of full-time and part-time students. Economics of Education Review, 38, 38"“50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2013.10.004 Devi, N. P. Y., & Erawati, N. M. A. (2014). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Manajerial, Leverage, dan ukuran perusahaan pada kebijakan dividen perusahaan manufaktur. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana, 9(3), 709-716. Dini, S. F. A. (2020). Pengaruh Kebutuhan Aktualisasi Diri dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pengelola Mall Daya Grand Square Makassar (PT Makassar Rezky Cemerlang). Downward, L., Booth, C. H., Lukens, W. W., & Bridges, F. (2006). A Variation of the F-test for Determining Statistical Relevance of Particular Parameters in EXAFS Fits. http://lise.lbl.gov/RSXAP. Firjatullah, J., Wolor, C. W., & Marsofiyati, M. (2024). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja, Budaya Kerja, Dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Jurnal Manuhara: Pusat Penelitian Ilmu Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 2(1), 01-10. Fitra, R. (2015). Hubungan Harga Diri Mahasiswa dengan Kemampuan Aktualisasi Diri dalam Proses Belajar Metode Seven Jump di Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Fitriana, & Sugiyono. (2019). Kesiapan Berubah Pada Sekretariat Jenderal Kementrian Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia. IKRAITH EKONOMIKA, 2(2), 42"“51. Gholamnejad, H., Darvishpoor-Kakhki, A., Ahmadi, F., & Rohani, C. (2019). SelfActualization: Self-Care outcomes among elderly patients with hypertension. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 24(3), 206"“212. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_95_18 Ghozali, I. (2018). Aplikasi analisis multivariate dengan program IBM SPSS 25. Universitas Diponegoro. Ginting, M. N. K., & Azis, A. (2014). Hubungan antara Lingkungan Belajar dan Manajemen Waktu dengan Motivasi Menyelesaikan Studi. Analitika: Jurnal Magister Psikologi UMA, 6(2), 91-97. Gopinath, R., & Litt, D. (2020). An Investigation of The Relationship Between Self-Actualization and Job Satisfaction of Academic Leaders. International Journal of Management (IJM, 11(8), 753"“763. https://doi.org/10.34218/IJM.11.8.2020.068 Gustems-Carnicer, J., Calderón, C., & Calderón-Garrido, D. (2019). Stress, coping strategies and academic achievement in teacher education students. European Journal of Teacher Education, 42(3), 375"“390. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2019.1576629 Hanifah, H., & Abadi, A. P. (2018). Hubungan Antara Pemahaman Konsep Dan Kecemasan Menghadapi Mata Kuliah Teori Grup dengan Prestasi Akademik Mahasiswa. Kreano, Jurnal Matematika Kreatif-Inovatif, 9(2), 156-163. Hasanah, U., Ismarmiaty, I., & Bachtiar, A. (2017, August). Analisis Simulasi Goodness Of Fit (GOF) pada Uji Model Penerimaan E-Learning. In Seminar Nasional Aplikasi Teknologi Informasi (SNATI). https://doi.org/10.34050/elsjish.v3i3.10877 Inayah, D. N., Daud, M., & Nur, H. (2023). Pengaruh Manajemen Waktu Terhadap Prestasi Akademik Mahasiswa yang Bekerja di Kota Makassar. PESHUM: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial dan Humaniora, 2(2), 266-273. Indriana, D. T., & Irvin Widowati, A. (2016). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Prestasi Akademik: Studi Kasus Pada Mahasiswa Program Studi Akuntansi Universitas Semarang. Jurnal Dinamika Sosial Budaya, 18(1), 39"“48. Iosr, J., Nermin, M.E., Sanaa, M.S., & Gehan, M. (2015). The Effect of Time Management Skills and Self Esteem of Students on Their Grade Point Averages (GPA). Kaniuka, T., & Kaniuka, A. R. (2019). Exploring the Moderated Mediation of Student Demographics and Teacher Turnover or Teacher Working Conditions Effect on Student Achievement in North Carolina. JAEPR, 4(1), 40"“58. Kiswati, S., & Chasanah, U. (2019). Analisis Konsultan Manajemen Konstruksi Terhadap Penerapan Manajemen Waktu Pada Pembangunan Rumah Sakit di Jawa Tengah. Neo Teknika, 5(1). Kurni, D. K., & Susanto, R. (2018). Pengaruh keterampilan manajemen kelas terhadap kualitas proses pembelajaran di sekolah dasar pada kelas tinggi. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, 2(01). Kurniawati, N. (2022). Efektivitas Teknik Role Playing dalam Layanan Bimbingan Kelompok untuk Meningkatkan Aktualisasi Diri Siswa di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 4 Kampar. Tesis doktoral, Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau. Leal-Rodríguez, A. L., & Albort-Morant, G. (2019). Promoting innovative experiential learning practices to improve academic performance: Empirical evidence from a Spanish Business School. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 4(2), 97"“103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2017.12.001 Leavy Patricia. (2017). Research Design: Quantitative, Qualitative, Mixed Methods, Arts-Based, and Community-Based Participatory Research Approaches (1st ed.). A Division of Guilford Publications, Inc. www.guilford.com Liu, Q., Huang, Z., Yin, Y., Chen, E., Xiong, H., Su, Y., & Hu, G. (2019). EKT: Exercise-aware Knowledge Tracing for Student Performance Prediction. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 1"“16. http://arxiv.org/abs/1906.05658 Mardelina, E., & Muhson, A. (2017). Mahasiswa Bekerja dan Dampaknya Pada Aktivitas Belajar dan Prestasi Akademik. Jurnal Economia, 13(2), 201-209. Margaretha, L. (2020). Teori-teori Belajar untuk Kecerdasan Bahasa Anak Usia Dini. Early Child Research and Practice-ECRP, 1(1), 8"“15. Metriana, M. (2014). Studi Komparatif Pengaruh Prestasi, Perilaku Belajar, SelfEfficacy dan Status Kerja Terhadap Prestasi Akademik Antara Mahasiswa Bekerja dan Mahasiswa Tidak Bekerja (Studi pada Mahasiswa S1 Fakultas Ekonomika). Mina R., & Mehrnaz, A., F. (2016). The Interplay of Self-Actualization, Creativity, Emotional Intelligence, Language and Academic Achievement in Gifted High School Students. International Journal of Psychology, 11(1), 98"“122. Mohammad, A., Abuashour, B., & Hassan, Z. (2019). Sains Humanika A Conceptual Framework for Enhancing Safety Performance by Impact Cooperation Facilitation, Safety Communication and Work Environment: Jordanian Hospitals. Sains Humanika, 11(2), 81"“89. www.sainshumanika.utm.my Moore Johnson Matthew Kraft John P Papay, S. A. (2011). How context matters in high-need schools: The effects of teachers"™ working conditions on their professional satisfaction and their students"™ achievement. Project on the Next Generation of Teachers, 7"“46. Mujidah, M., Anisah, L., & Widjanarko, M. (2021). Hubungan Konsep Diri dan Aktualisasi Diri dengan Resiliensi Mahasiswa Universitas Selamat Sri Kendal yang Bekerja. Jurnal Mahasiswa BK An-Nur: Berbeda, Bermakna, Mulia, 7(3), 46-52. Namoun, A., & Alshanqiti, A. (2021). Predicting student performance using data mining and learning analytics techniques: A systematic literature review. In Applied Sciences (Switzerland) (Vol. 11, Issue 1, pp. 1"“28). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11010237 Nasrullah_Phd, S., & Khan_Phd, M. S. (2015). The Impact of Time Management on the Students"™ Academic Achievements. An International Peer-Reviewed Journal, 11. www.iiste.org Ningsih, S., & Dukalang, H. H. (2019). Penerapan metode suksesif interval pada analsis regresi linier berganda. Jambura Journal of Mathematics, 1(1), 43- 53. Nonis, S. A., & Hudson, G. I. (2006). Academic Performance of College Students: Influence of Time Spent Studying and Working. Journal of Education for Business, 151"“160. Nur Izatunisa, A., Hazizah, N., Lestari, D., Manajeman, P., Ekonomi, F., & Islam, B. (2023). Pengaruh Manajemen Waktu dan Prestasi Akademik Mahasiswa Kota Medan terhadap Bekerja Part Time. Jurnal Ilmu Komputer, Ekonomi Dan Manajemen (JIKEM), 3(2), 3069"“3078. Ordun, G., & Akün, F. A. (2017). Self Actualization, Self Efficacy and Emotional Intelligence of Undergraduate Students. Journal of Advanced Management Science, 5(3), 170"“175. https://doi.org/10.18178/joams.5.3.170-175 Özdemir, G., Åžahin, S., & Öztürk, N. (2020). Teachers"™ Self-efficacy Perceptions in Terms of School Principal"™s Instructional Leadership Behaviours. International Journal of Progressive Education, 16(1), 25"“40. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2020.228.3 Petre, G.-E. (2020). Developing Students"™ Leadership Skills Through Cooperative Learning: An Action Research Case Study. International Forum, 23(2), 143"“162. Pratikno, A. S., Prastiwi, A. A., & Ramahwati, S. (2020). Sebaran Peluang Acak Kontinu, Distribusi Normal, Distribusi Normal Baku, Distribusi T, Distribusi Chi Square, dan Distribusi F. Osf Preprints, 27(3), 1-5. Putri, SE. (2018). The Influence of The Work Environment and Career Development on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable (Case Study at PT Telkom Witel Yogyakarta) Rani Das, K. (2016). A Brief Review of Tests for Normality. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.12 Razali, S. N. A. M., Rusiman, M. S., Gan, W. S., & Arbin, N. (2018). The Impact of Time Management on Students"™ Academic Achievement. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 995(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742- 6596/995/1/012042 Saputra, A. A. (2022). Pengaruh Kompensasi, Lingkungan Kerja Dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan. Technomedia Journal, 7(1), 68-77. Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of-Fit Measures. In Methods of Psychological Research Online (Vol. 8, Issue 2). Shayana, I., Samaden, B., Najihah, I., Alwi, S., Munirah, R., Adli, M., Yusof, M., & Norazmi Bin Nordin, M. (2021). Time Element in The Construct of Special Education Teacher Workload In Malaysia. In Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (Vol. 12, Issue 11). Shipunova, O. D., Berezovskaya, I. P., & Smolskaia, N. B. (2019). The role of student"™s self-actualization in adapting to the e-learning environment. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 745"“750. https://doi.org/10.1145/3362789.3362884 Sinaga, N., Zuriyati, Z., & Attas, S.G. (2018). Aktualisasi Diri Tokoh Utama Novel Balada Si Roy Karya Gol A Gong. Kandai, 14(1), 45-58. Sintia, I., Pasarella, M. D., & Nohe, D. A. (2022, May). Perbandingan Tingkat Konsistensi Uji Distribusi Normalitas pada Kasus Tingkat Pengangguran di Jawa. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Matematika dan Statistika (Vol. 2). Students in Colombia? Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01330 Sugiyono. (2015). Metode penelitian Kuantitaif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Sukestiyarno, Y. L., & Agoestanto, A. (2017). Batasan prasyarat uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas pada model regresi linear. Unnes Journal of Mathematics, 6(2), 168-177. Suseno, M. N. M. (2014). Pengembangan pengujian validitas isi dan validitas konstrak: Interpretasi hasil pengujian validitas. Suwartono, C., & Moningka, C. (2017). Pengujian validitas dan reliabilitas skala identitas sosial. Humanitas, 14(2), 176. Tafiardi, T. (2015). Hubungan Konsep Diri dan Kebutuhan Akan Aktualisasi. Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD, 7(1), 128-143. Thongprasom, C., Pow, W., & Pukklaw, Y. (2022). Worker Saturation in Facing Changes in the Work Environment: The Physiological Impact of Online Jobs. Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Social Sciences Study, 2(4), 43"“49. https://doi.org/10.47616/jamrsss.v2i4.216 Tvaltchrelidze, N. (2019). Exploring the Student-Centered Classroom Management and Self-Actualization Tendencies in Georgian Classrooms. In Journal of Education in Black Sea Region (Vol. 4). Ummah, M. (2015). Pengaruh kesadaran wajib pajak, sanksi pajak, pengetahuan perpajakan dan pelayanan fiskus terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak kendaraan bermotor di Kabupaten Semarang. Jurnal Ekonomi, 1(1), 1-14. Wicaksono, A. (2021). Analisis Pengaruh Manajemen Waktu, Motivasi Kuliah, dan Aktualisasi Diri Terhadap Prestasi Akademik Mahasiswa Yang Bekerja (Studi Pada Mahasiswa Milenial di Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana). Widawati, & Siswohadi. (2020). Analisis Tentang Kepuasan Mahasiswa Terhadap Pelayanan Akademik dan Pelayanan Administrasi. Jurnal Mitra Manajemen (JMM Online), 4(10), 1500"“1513