ANALISIS SEKTOR UMKM PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KOTA PONTIANAK

Abstract

ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic has a bad impactful to the economic growth of Indonesia. Data from the Ministry of Cooperatives explains that as many as 163,713 MSME actors in Indonesia are affected by the pandemic, but the number of MSME actors in Pontianak City tends to increase every month. This increase is thought to be due to the assistance policy from the government. So this study aims to describe and analyze the state of income, routine household expenses before and during the pandemic and the assistance received during the pandemic. The sampling method of this research is purposive sampling to 84 MSME actors located in six sub-districts in Pontianak City in 2021. The analytical method used is a descriptive - exploratory study where in-depth interviews were conducted with several respondents. The results of this study are trading activities during the pandemic are much different than before the pandemic. The income of most respondents decreased between 50% - 90% at the beginning of the pandemic but routine household expenses tended to remain unchanged. This situation causes respondents to be able to carry out strategies to be able to survive. The pattern of expenditure that tends to continue to occur in food expenditure, such as consumption of rice, side dishes, gallons of water, and LPG.

Keywords: Aid, COVID-19, MSME Actors, Income, Expenditure

ABSTRAK

Pandemi COVID-19 berdampak buruk bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Data dari Kementrian Koperasi menjelaskan bahwa sebanyak 163.713 pelaku UMKM di Indonesia terdampak pandemi namun jumlah pelaku UMKM di Kota Pontianak cenderung mengalami kenaikan setiap bulannya. Kenaikan ini diduga karena adanya kebijakan bantuan dari pemerintah. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis keadaan pendapatan, pengeluaran rutin rumah tangga sebelum dan saat terjadinya pandemi serta bantuan yang diterima selama pandemi. Metode sampling penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling kepada 84 pelaku UMKM yang terdapat pada enam kecamatan di Kota Pontianak tahun 2021. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu studi deskriptif "“ eksploratif dimana dilakukan wawancara mendalam terhadap beberapa responden. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah kegiatan perdagangan pada saat pandemi berbeda jauh daripada sebelum masa pandemi. Pendapatan sebagian besar responden mengalami penurunan antara 50% "“ 90% pada awal pandemi namun pengeluaran rutin rumah tangga cenderung tidak mengalami perubahan. Keadaan ini menyebabkan responden harus mampu melakukan strategi untuk dapat mempertahankan hidup. Pola pengeluaran yang cenderung tetap terjadi pada pengeluaran pangan, seperti konsumsi beras, lauk pauk, air galon, dan gas elpiji.

Kata Kunci: Bantuan, COVID-19, Pelaku UMKM, Pendapatan, Pengeluaran