Penerapan Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) dan Euclidean Distance Matrices (EDM) untuk Mengurangi False Positive pada Pengenalan Aktifitas Finger Point Call

Authors

  • Rila Mandala Sekolah Teknik Elektro dan Informatika Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132
  • Mohammad Deny Safari Faculty of Computing, President University Jababeka Education Park, Jl. Ki Hajar Dewantara, Kec Cikarang Utara, Kabupaten Bekasi, Jawa Barat 17530

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26418/jp.v9i1.61716

Keywords:

activity recognition, finger point call, YOLOv7, false positive, euclidean distance matrices

Abstract

Aktifitas finger point call (FPC) yang mengharuskan operator menunjuk (finger point) dan mengucapkan (call) sebelum menjalankan suatu proses, merupakan aktifitas yang umum diterapkan di industri manufaktur khususnya pada perusahaan Jepang. FPC terbukti efektif mengurangi human error, tetapi operator sering tidak konsisten dalam menerapkan FPC sehingga perlu sistem untuk mendeteksi aktifitas FPC sudah dilakukan dengan baik dan benar. Salah satu metode pengenalan aktifitas (activity recognition) yaitu menggunakan convolutional neural networks (CNN) untuk mengklasifikasikan aktifitas manusia. Namun, aktifitas FPC dinyatakan valid atau invalid setelah memastikan operator menunjuk dengan benar ke arah objek dan menunjuk ke arah referensi, sehingga harus dilakukan analisis pada beberapa frame video. Apabila hanya menggunakan CNN saja, akan menyebabkan tingkat false positive menjadi tinggi, karena CNN akan langsung melakukan analisis pada 1 frame video. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengurangi false positive ketika mendeteksi aktifitas FPC dengan cara melakukan anlaisis lebih lanjut pada hasil deteksi menggunakan euclidean distance matrices (EDM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada percobaan yang diperagakan oleh 1 orang: false positive berkurang hingga 100%, nilai Precision sebesar 1, dan nilai recall sebesar 0,96. Hasil ketika diperagakan oleh 10 orang: nilai Precision sebesar 0,9, dan nilai recall sebesar 0,9. lebih baik dibandingkan YOLOv7 versi original yang nilai Precisionnya hanya sebesar 0,5.

References

B. M. Shoaib, H. Kawanaka and K. Oguri, "Finger-Pointing to Reduce Accidents," IEEE Pulse, a magazine of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2016.

K. Hikida, N. Matsuzaki, S. Yamamoto, Y. Sakane, S. Murata, M. Ogawa and M. Kusunoki, "The Human Error Reduction Effect of Point and Call Checks on Maritime Training," 2015.

Y. Lecun, L. Bottou, Y. Bengio and P. Haffner, "Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 86, no. 11, pp. 2278-2324, 1998.

W. Xu, Y. Pang, Y. Yang and Y. Liu, "Human Activity Recognition Based On Convolutional Neural Network," 2018.

R. Mutegeki and D. S. Han, "A CNN-LSTM Approach to Human Activity Recognition," 2020.

V. Ramana, D. L. Prasanna, M. Tejasree and C. Yasaswi, Human Activity Recognition Using OPENCV, vol. 9, 2021.

J. Redmon, S. Divvala, R. Girshick and A. Farhadi, "You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detection," 2016.

J. Redmon and A. Farhadi, "YOLO9000: Better, faster, stronger," Proceedings - 30th IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR 2017, Vols. 2017-Janua, pp. 6517-6525, December 2017.

J. Redmon and A. Farhadi, "YOLOv3: An Incremental Improvement," April 2018.

C. Liu, Y. Tao, J. Liang, K. Li and Y. Chen, "Object Detection Based on YOLO Network," 2018.

Z. Rahman, A. M. Ami and M. A. Ullah, "A Real-Time Wrong-Way Vehicle Detection Based on YOLO and Centroid Tracking," 2020 IEEE Region 10 Symposium, TENSYMP 2020, pp. 916-920, October 2020.

R. Huang, J. Pedoeem and C. Chen, "YOLO-LITE: A Real-Time Object Detection Algorithm Optimized for Non-GPU Computers," 2018.

S. Shinde, A. Kothari and V. Gupta, "YOLO based Human Action Recognition and Localization," Procedia Computer Science, vol. 133, pp. 831-838, 2018.

A. Bochkovskiy, C.-Y. Wang and H.-Y. M. Liao, "YOLOv4: Optimal Speed and Accuracy of Object Detection," April 2020.

G. Jocher, A. Chaurasia, A. Stoken, J. Borovec, NanoCode012, Y. Kwon, TaoXie, K. Michael, I. Fang, Imyhxy, Lorna, C. Wong, Z. Yifu, V. Abhiram, D. Montes, Z. Wang, C. Fati, J. Nadar and Laughing, "ultralytics/yolov5: v6.2 - YOLOv5 Classification Models, Apple M1, Reproducibility, ClearML and Deci.ai integrations," Zenodo, p. N/A, 2022.

C. Li, L. Li, H. Jiang, K. Weng, Y. Geng, L. Li, Z. Ke, Q. Li, M. Cheng, W. Nie, Y. Li, B. Zhang, Y. Liang, L. Zhou, X. Xu, X. Chu, X. Wei and X. Wei, "YOLOv6: A Single-Stage Object Detection Framework for Industrial Applications," September 2022.

C.-Y. Wang, A. Bochkovskiy and H.-Y. M. Liao, "YOLOv7: Trainable bag-of-freebies sets new state-of-the-art for real-time object detectors," July 2022.

K. Shinohara, H. Naito, Y. Matsui and M. Hikono, "The effects of “finger pointing and calling†on cognitive control processes in the task-switching paradigm," International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 129-136, March 2013.

I. Dokmanic, R. Parhizkar, J. Ranieri and M. Vetterli, "Euclidean Distance Matrices: Essential theory, algorithms, and applications," IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 12-30, November 2015.

L. Wang, Y. Zhang and J. Feng, "On the Euclidean distance of images," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 1334-1339, August 2005.

Q. Zhang, J. Hu, J. Feng, A. Liu and Y. Li, "New Similarity Measures of Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets and Their Applications," IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 138192-138202, 2019.

M. D. Malkauthekar, "Analysis of euclidean distance and manhattan distance measure in face recognition," 2013.

L. Greche, M. Jazouli, N. Es-Sbai, A. Majda and A. Zarghili, "Comparison between Euclidean and Manhattan distance measure for facial expressions classification," 2017.

Z. R. Maruf and A. D. Laksito, "The Comparison of Distance Measurement for Optimizing KNN Collaborative Filtering Recommender System," 2020.

A. Y. Alfakih, Euclidean Distance Matrices and Their Applications in Rigidity Theory, Springer International Publishing, 2018.

R. L. Nuzzo, "Histograms: A Useful Data Analysis Visualization," PM and R, 2019.

D. Lord, X. Qin and S. R. Geedipally, Highway Safety Analytics and Modeling, 2021, pp. 1-488.

L. Boels, A. Bakker, W. V. Dooren and P. Drijvers, "Conceptual difficulties when interpreting histograms: A review," Educational Research Review, vol. 28, p. 100291, November 2019.

V. P. Andreev, R. C. Dwivedi, G. Paz-Filho, O. V. Krokhin, M. L. Wong, J. A. Wilkins and J. Licinio, "Dynamics of plasma proteome during leptin-replacement therapy in genetically based leptin deficiency," Pharmacogenomics Journal, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 174-190, June 2011.

S. Stern, G. Livan and R. E. Smith, "A network perspective on intermedia agenda-setting," Applied Network Science, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 31, December 2020.

A. Tharwat, "Classification assessment methods," Applied Computing and Informatics, vol. 17, p. 168–192, July 2020.

S. Yohanandan, "mAP (mean Average Precision) might confuse you!."towardsdatascience.com.https://towardsdatascience.com/map-mean-average-Precision-might-confuse-you-5956f1bfa9e2 (accessed Oct. 5, 2022)

R. J. Tan, "Breaking Down Mean Average Precision (mAP)."towardsdatascience.com.https://towardsdatascience.com/breaking-down-mean-average-Precision-map-ae462f623a52 (accessed Oct. 5, 2022)

N. Rasiwasia, J. C. Pereira, E. Coviello, G. Doyle, G. R. G. Lanckriet, R. Levy and N. Vasconcelos, "A new approach to cross-modal multimedia retrieval," 2010.

Downloads

Published

2023-04-28