PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM INVESTOR TERHADAP TRANSAKSI ASET CRYPTOCURRENCY DI ERA DIGITAL

Abstract

Abstract The rapid development of digital technology has significantly transformed the global financial system, including in Indonesia, marked by the growing popularity of cryptocurrency as an investment instrument. Its decentralized, anonymous, and borderless nature makes cryptocurrency fundamentally different from traditional financial assets, while also creating legal challenges due to high volatility and risks of misuse. These conditions highlight the need for a strong and adaptive legal framework to ensure adequate investor protection.This research employs a normative legal method using statutory, case, and conceptual approaches. The analysis focuses on key regulations such as the P2SK Law 2023, the Currency Law, POJK 27/2024, SEOJK 20/2024, and relevant taxation provisions. All legal materials are examined descriptively and qualitatively through legal interpretation and legal construction techniques to assess the extent to which the current regulatory framework protects cryptocurrency investors.The findings show that Indonesia’s cryptocurrency regulatory framework remains transitional and not yet fully comprehensive. Existing protections are predominantly repressive, while preventive measures such as transparency, technological security, governance standards, and risk mitigation remain suboptimal. Strengthening the role of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in setting security standards and dispute resolution mechanisms, along with improving public digital literacy, is essential to achieving more effective and sustainable legal protection for cryptocurrency investors. Keywords: Legal Protection, investors, Cryptocurrency, OJK Abstrak Perkembangan teknologi digital membawa perubahan besar pada sistem keuangan global, termasuk di Indonesia, dengan meningkatnya popularitas cryptocurrency sebagai instrumen investasi. Sifatnya yang desentralisasi, anonim, dan lintas batas membuat aset kripto memiliki karakteristik berbeda dari instrumen keuangan tradisional, sekaligus menghadirkan tantangan hukum karena tingginya volatilitas dan risiko penyalahgunaan. Kondisi ini menegaskan perlunya kerangka hukum yang kuat untuk memberikan perlindungan memadai bagi investor. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan konsep. Analisis dilakukan terhadap berbagai regulasi seperti UU P2SK 2023, UU Mata Uang, POJK 27/2024, SEOJK 20/2024, serta ketentuan perpajakan. Seluruh bahan hukum ditelaah secara deskriptif-kualitatif melalui teknik interpretasi dan konstruksi hukum untuk menilai sejauh mana kerangka hukum yang ada mampu melindungi investor aset kripto. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa regulasi kripto di Indonesia masih bersifat transisional dan belum sepenuhnya komprehensif. Perlindungan hukum yang tersedia cenderung represif, sementara aspek preventif seperti transparansi, keamanan teknologi, tata kelola, dan mitigasi risiko belum optimal. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan peran OJK dalam menetapkan standar keamanan dan mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa serta peningkatan literasi digital masyarakat agar perlindungan hukum bagi investor aset kripto dapat terwujud secara lebih efektif dan berkelanjutan. Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum, Investor, Cryptocurrency, OJK