IMPLEMENTASI PERJANJIAN ANTARA PEMILIK RUMAH DAN PEMBORONG RUMAH TINGGAL DI KOTA PONTIANAK

Abstract

ABSTRACT This research aims to analyze the implementation of agreements between homeowners and contractors in the construction of residential houses in Pontianak City, as well as to examine the forms of legal protection available to the parties when a breach of contract (wanprestasi) occurs. House construction through the contracting system is a common practice in the community; however, in practice, various deviations from the contract frequently arise, such as delays in project completion, work results that do not meet specifications, and disputes related to payment. These conditions indicate a gap between the contractual agreements and their actual implementation in the field. This study employs an empirical legal research method with a descriptive character. Data were collected through literature review and field research, including interviews with parties involved in contracting agreements. The analysis was conducted qualitatively to assess how the agreements are implemented and how dispute resolution mechanisms are applied when a breach of contract occurs. The findings show that the implementation of contracting agreements in Pontianak City has not fully adhered to the principles of contract law, particularly the principles of good faith and legal certainty, as there are still contractors who fail to fulfill their obligations in accordance with the contract. Legal protections available to homeowners include demanding performance of the agreement, contract termination, and claims for damages in accordance with Article 1243 of the Indonesian Civil Code. Dispute resolution is more commonly pursued through non-litigation methods such as negotiation and mediation, as these are considered faster and more efficient. This research is expected to contribute to the community, government, and construction service providers by enhancing understanding of the importance of clear and comprehensive written agreements that include dispute resolution mechanisms to prevent future losses. Keywords: Contracting Agreement, Breach of Contract, Legal Protection, Homeowners, Contractors ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi perjanjian antara pemilik rumah dan pemborong dalam pembangunan rumah tinggal di Kota Pontianak, serta mengkaji bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap para pihak apabila terjadi wanprestasi. Pembangunan rumah melalui sistem borongan merupakan praktik yang umum dilakukan masyarakat, namun dalam pelaksanaannya sering terjadi penyimpangan terhadap kontrak, seperti keterlambatan penyelesaian pekerjaan, hasil pekerjaan yang tidak sesuai spesifikasi ataupun sengketa mengenai pembayaran. Kondisi ini menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara kesepakatan kontraktual dan pelaksanaannya di lapangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum empiris dengan sifat deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan dan studi lapangan dengan wawancara terhadap pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam perjanjian pemborongan. Analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif untuk menilai bagaimana perjanjian tersebut dilaksanakan serta bagaimana mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa diterapkan ketika terjadi wanprestasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi perjanjian pemborongan di Kota Pontianak belum sepenuhnya memenuhi asas-asas perjanjian, khususnya asas itikad baik dan kepastian hukum, karena masih terdapat pemborong yang tidak melaksanakan kewajibannya sesuai kontrak. Perlindungan hukum yang dapat ditempuh pemilik rumah meliputi penuntutan pemenuhan perikatan, pembatalan perjanjian, dan tuntutan ganti rugi sesuai Pasal 1243 KUH Perdata. Penyelesaian sengketa lebih banyak ditempuh melalui jalur non-litigasi seperti negosiasi dan mediasi karena dianggap lebih cepat dan efisien. Penelitian ini diharapkan memberikan kontribusi bagi masyarakat, pemerintah, dan pelaku usaha jasa konstruksi untuk meningkatkan pemahaman mengenai pentingnya perjanjian tertulis yang jelas, lengkap, dan memuat mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa guna mencegah kerugian di kemudian hari. Kata Kunci: Perjanjian Pemborongan, Wanprestasi, Perlindungan Hukum, Pemilik Rumah, Pemborong.