ANALISIS YURIDIS PELAKSANAAN PRINSIP KERJA PERJANJIAN ADVOKAT ANTARA FIRMA HUKUM HERAWAN UTORO DAN REKAN DENGAN KLIEN DI KOTA PONTIANAK

Abstract

Abstract This study analyzes the implementation of attorney service agreements between the Herawan Utoro & Partners Law Firm and clients that are applied verbally in the city of Pontianak, as well as examining whether these verbal agreements are capable of providing solutions and protection for the rights of attorneys, particularly in relation to fees and the implementation of professional obligations. The purpose of this study is to identify the obstacles and factors that cause the non- use of written attorney service agreements, as well as to analyze the implementation of the rights and obligations of attorneys and clients based on the provisions of Law Number 18 of 2003 concerning Attorneys and the principles of contract law in the Civil Code. The research method used was normative-empirical legal research, combining a study of applicable legal norms and practical realities in the field. Primary data was obtained through interviews with lawyers at the Herawan Utoro & Partners Law Firm and clients, while secondary data was obtained from legislation, legal literature, and related documents. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to analyze the data with the aim of systematically describing the implementation of attorney service agreements, the rights and obligations of the parties, and the obstacles that arise due to the absence of a written agreement. The results of the study show that the application of verbal attorney service agreements at the Herawan Utoro & Partners Law Firm is based on factors such as trust, reputation, attorney professionalism, as well as considerations of time efficiency and utility in handling cases. Legally, verbal agreements remain valid and binding as long as they meet the requirements for valid agreements as stipulated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code. However, the absence of a written agreement creates weaknesses in terms of legal certainty, particularly with regard to evidence, clarity of the scope of work, and the basis for calculating attorney fees. This condition has the potential to harm attorneys if there are differences in interpretation or settlement with clients in the future. This study concludes that although verbal attorney service agreements are legally valid and based on the good faith of the parties, they do not fully provide optimal legal protection for the rights and obligations of attorneys and clients. Therefore, a written attorney service agreement is necessary to strengthen legal certainty, protect the rights of the parties, and minimize conflicts in the professional relationship between attorneys and clients. Keywords: Attorney Service Agreement, Verbal Agreement, Rights and Obligations, Attorney, Legal Certainty Abstrak Penelitian ini menganalisis pelaksanaan perjanjian jasa advokat antara Firma Hukum Herawan Utoro dan Rekan dengan klien yang diterapkan secara lisan di Kota Pontianak, serta menelaah apakah perjanjian lisan tersebut mampu memberikan penyelesaian dan perlindungan terhadap hak-hak advokat, khususnya terkait honorarium dan pelaksanaan kewajiban professional. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi hambatan dan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan tidak digunakannya perjanjian jasa advokat secara tertulis, serta menganalisis pelaksanaan hak dan kewajiban advokat dan klien berdasarkan ketentuan Undang- Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2003 tentang Advokat dan prinsip-prinsip hukum perjanjian dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif-empiris, dengan memadukan kajian terhadap norma hukum yang berlaku dan kenyataan praktik di lapangan. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan advokat pada Firma Hukum Herawan Utoro dan Rekan serta pihak klien, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari peraturan perundang-undangan, literatur hukum, dan dokumen terkait. Pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif digunakan untuk menganalisis data dengan tujuan menggambarkan secara sistematis pelaksanaan perjanjian jasa advokat, hak dan kewajiban para pihak, serta hambatan yang timbul akibat tidak adanya perjanjian tertulis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan perjanjian jasa advokat secara lisan pada Firma Hukum Herawan Utoro dan Rekan didasarkan pada faktor kepercayaan (trust), reputasi, profesionalitas advokat, serta pertimbangan efisiensi waktu dan utilitas dalam penanganan perkara. Secara yuridis, perjanjian lisan tetap sah dan mengikat sepanjang memenuhi syarat sah perjanjian sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata. Namun demikian, ketiadaan perjanjian tertulis menimbulkan kelemahan dalam aspek kepastian hukum, terutama terkait pembuktian, kejelasan ruang lingkup pekerjaan, serta dasar perhitungan honorarium advokat. Kondisi ini berpotensi merugikan advokat apabila terjadi perbedaan penafsiran atau penyelesaian dengan klien di kemudian hari. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa meskipun perjanjian jasa advokat secara lisan sah secara hukum dan dilandasi itikad baik para pihak, namun belum sepenuhnya memberikan perlindungan hukum yang optimal terhadap hak dan kewajiban advokat maupun klien. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan perjanjian jasa advokat secara tertulis sebagai bentuk penguatan kepastian hukum, perlindungan hak para pihak, serta upaya meminimalisir terjadinya konflik dalam hubungan profesional antara advokat dan klien. Kata Kunci : Perjanjian Jasa Advokat, Perjanjian Lisan, Hak Dan Kewajiban, Advokat, Kepastian Hukum