ANALISIS HUKUM TERHADAP NATURALISASI PEMAIN SEPAK BOLA PADA TIMNAS INDONESIA

Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini berjudul Analisis Hukum terhadap Naturalisasi Pemain Sepak Bola pada Tim Nasional Indonesia. Latar belakang penelitian ini berangkat dari meningkatnya praktik naturalisasi pemain sepak bola yang dilakukan oleh PSSI guna meningkatkan prestasi Timnas Indonesia di kancah internasional. Namun, kebijakan tersebut menimbulkan perdebatan mengenai kesesuaian proses dan implementasinya dengan Pasal 20 Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2006 tentang Kewarganegaraan, khususnya terkait kriteria “kepentingan negara” yang dijadikan dasar pemberian naturalisasi istimewa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: menganalisis proses naturalisasi pemain sepak bola di Indonesia berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 20 Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2006; dan mengidentifikasi kesesuaian pelaksanaannya dengan prinsip kepentingan negara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka, melalui analisis terhadap sumber hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier seperti peraturan perundang-undangan, jurnal hukum, serta literatur akademik terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa naturalisasi pemain sepak bola di Indonesia dilaksanakan melalui mekanisme naturalisasi istimewa, di mana Presiden dengan pertimbangan DPR berwenang memberikan kewarganegaraan atas dasar kepentingan negara. Namun, kriteria “kepentingan negara” dalam Pasal 20 bersifat ambigu karena tidak memiliki ukuran normatif yang jelas. Praktiknya sering kali berorientasi pada kepentingan jangka pendek untuk peningkatan prestasi tim nasional tanpa memperhatikan keberlanjutan pembangunan sepak bola nasional. Selain itu, ditemukan kasus pemain naturalisasi yang tidak memberikan kontribusi signifikan, bahkan memiliki rekam jejak hukum yang buruk, sehingga menimbulkan keraguan terhadap validitas penetapan kepentingan negara. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa proses naturalisasi pemain sepak bola perlu standardisasi dan instrumen evaluasi yang terukur agar pelaksanaannya benar-benar sejalan dengan prinsip kepastian hukum dan kepentingan nasional. Pemerintah disarankan untuk merumuskan peraturan pelaksana yang memuat indikator teknis seperti batas usia, rekam jejak profesional, kontribusi jangka panjang, serta integritas calon pemain agar kebijakan naturalisasi istimewa menjadi instrumen strategis dalam pembangunan olahraga nasional, bukan sekadar solusi pragmatis jangka pendek. Kata Kunci : Kewarganegaraan, Naturalisasi, Kepentingan Negara ABSTRACT This study is entitled Legal Analysis of the Naturalization of Football Players on the Indonesian National Team. The background of this study stems from the increasing practice of naturalizing football players by the Indonesian Football Association (PSSI) in order to improve the performance of the Indonesian national team in the international arena. However, this policy has sparked debate regarding the suitability of the process and its implementation with Article 20 of Law Number 12 of 2006 concerning Citizenship, particularly in relation to the criteria of national interest used as the basis for granting special naturalization. This study aims to: analyze the naturalization process of football players in Indonesia based on the provisions of Article 20 of Law Number 12 of 2006; and identify the suitability of its implementation with the principle of national interest. The research method used is normative legal research with a literature study approach, through analysis of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources such as legislation, legal journals, and related academic literature. The results of the study show that the naturalization of football players in Indonesia is carried out through a special naturalization mechanism, whereby the President, with the consideration of the House of Representatives, has the authority to grant citizenship based on the interests of the state. However, the criteria for “state interests” in Article 20 are ambiguous because they do not have clear normative measures. In practice, this is often oriented towards short-term interests to improve the performance of the national team without considering the sustainability of national football development. In addition, there have been cases of naturalized players who have not made a significant contribution and even have a bad legal track record, raising doubts about the validity of the determination of national interest. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that the process of naturalizing football players needs to be standardized and evaluated using measurable instruments so that its implementation is truly in line with the principles of legal certainty and national interest. The government is advised to formulate implementing regulations that include technical indicators such as age limits, professional track records, long-term contributions, and the integrity of prospective players so that the special naturalization policy becomes a strategic instrument in national sports development, not just a short-term pragmatic solution. Keywords : Citizenship, Naturalization, National Interest