TANGGUNG JAWAB PENYEWA TERHADAP PERJANJIAN SEWA MENYEWA RENTAL RIZKI TRANSPORT DI KOTA PONTIANAK

Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tanggung jawab penyewa terhadap perjanjian sewa-menyewa kendaraan pada Rental Rizki Transport di Kota Pontianak, khususnya terkait kerusakan mobil selama masa sewa. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh tingginya kebutuhan jasa rental mobil di Kota Pontianak serta masih sering terjadinya permasalahan wanprestasi akibat kerusakan kendaraan sewaan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis empiris dengan sifat penelitian deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui penelitian kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan dengan teknik wawancara dan observasi, serta dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian sewa-menyewa di Rental Rizki Transport dilakukan secara lisan dengan bukti pendukung berupa invoice pembayaran dan serah terima kendaraan, namun tetap sah dan mengikat para pihak. Kerusakan kendaraan yang terjadi selama masa sewa umumnya bersifat ringan dan disebabkan oleh faktor di luar unsur kesengajaan penyewa. Meskipun demikian, penyewa tetap bertanggung jawab atas kerusakan tersebut sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum perdata, baik melalui pembayaran ganti rugi, perbaikan kendaraan, maupun klaim asuransi. Namun, dalam praktiknya, sebagian penyewa belum sepenuhnya memenuhi tanggung jawab secara tepat waktu sehingga menimbulkan wanprestasi. Upaya penyelesaian yang dilakukan oleh pihak rental lebih mengutamakan pendekatan kekeluargaan guna menjaga hubungan baik dan menghindari proses hukum formal. Kata Kunci: tanggung jawab penyewa, perjanjian sewa-menyewa, rental mobil, wanprestasi, hukum perdata.   ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the responsibility of lessees in car rental agreements at Rizki Transport Rental in Pontianak City, particularly regarding vehicle damage occurring during the rental period. The research is motivated by the increasing demand for car rental services in Pontianak alongside frequent disputes arising from lessees’ failure to fulfill their contractual obligations. This study employs an empirical juridical approach with a descriptive research design. The data were obtained through library research and field research, including interviews and observations, and were analyzed qualitatively. The findings reveal that car rental agreements at Rizki Transport are predominantly conducted orally, supported by payment invoices and vehicle handover documents. Although not made in written form, such agreements remain legally valid and binding under Indonesian civil law. The vehicle damages encountered during the rental period were generally minor and occurred due to factors beyond the lessees’ intent, such as accidents involving third parties. Nevertheless, lessees remain legally responsible for the damages, either through compensation payments, vehicle repairs, or insurance claims. In practice, however, some lessees failed to fulfill their obligations in a timely manner, resulting in default (wanprestasi). To resolve these issues, Rizki Transport prioritizes amicable and family-based settlement approaches rather than formal legal proceedings, in order to maintain good relations between the parties. Keywords: lessee responsibility, rental agreement, car rental, default, civil law