PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KARYA SENI GAMBAR DIGITAL YANG DIGUNAKAN TANPA IZIN MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG HAK CIPTA

Abstract

ABSTRAK Perkembangan teknologi digital telah melahirkan karya seni gambar digital yang semakin mudah diakses, diperbanyak, dan disebarluaskan melalui internet. Kondisi ini memunculkan potensi pelanggaran hak cipta, terutama berupa penggunaan karya tanpa izin dari penciptanya, baik untuk kepentingan pribadi maupun komersial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap karya seni gambar digital yang digunakan tanpa izin menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta, serta menelaah akibat hukum yang timbul bagi para pihak. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitis, melalui kajian bahan hukum primer berupa peraturan perundang-undangan dan yurisprudensi, serta bahan hukum sekunder berupa literatur, jurnal, dan hasil penelitian terdahulu. Analisis dilakukan dengan menitikberatkan pada penerapan hak moral dan hak ekonomi pencipta, serta mekanisme perlindungan hukum dalam ranah perdata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum terhadap karya seni gambar digital diberikan melalui dua bentuk, yaitu preventif dan represif. Perlindungan preventif dapat ditempuh melalui pendaftaran ciptaan di Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Intelektual, kontrak lisensi, serta penerapan teknologi digital seperti watermark. Sedangkan perlindungan represif dilakukan melalui gugatan perdata atas dasar perbuatan melawan hukum atau wanprestasi, yang memungkinkan pencipta menuntut ganti rugi serta penghentian penggunaan karya. Akibat hukum bagi pelanggar meliputi kewajiban membayar ganti rugi materiil maupun immateriil, penghentian distribusi karya, hingga kerugian reputasi. Kata Kunci: Hak Cipta, Seni Gambar Digital, Perlindungan Hukum, Hukum Perdata ABSTRACT The rapid development of digital technology has given rise to digital visual artworks that are increasingly accessible, reproducible, and distributable through the internet. This condition creates a high potential for copyright infringements, particularly in the form of unauthorized use of works by third parties, either for personal or commercial purposes. This study aims to analyze the legal protection of digital visual artworks used without permission under Indonesian Copyright Law No. 28 of 2014, as well as to examine the legal consequences for the parties involved. This research employs a normative legal method with a descriptive-analytical approach, using primary legal materials such as legislation and jurisprudence, along with secondary sources including literature, journals, and previous studies. The analysis focuses on the implementation of moral rights and economic rights of creators, as well as legal protection mechanisms within the civil law framework. The findings indicate that legal protection for digital artworks is provided in two forms: preventive and repressive. Preventive measures can be taken through copyright registration at the Directorate General of Intellectual Property, license agreements, and the use of digital technologies such as watermarking. Repressive measures include civil lawsuits based on unlawful acts or breach of contract, enabling creators to claim compensation and demand the cessation of unauthorized use. The legal consequences for infringers include obligations to pay material and immaterial damages, withdrawal of infringing works from circulation, and reputational losses. Keywords: Copyright, Digital Visual Art, Legal Protection, Civil Law.