STUDI PERBANDINGAN TINDAK PIDANA PERZINAHAN (OVERSPEL) DALAM HUKUM NASIONAL DAN HUKUM ADAT DAYAK KANAYATN KABUPATEN LANDAK

Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini mengkaji perbandingan sanksi tindak pidana perzinahan dalam Hukum Nasional Indonesia dan Hukum Adat Dayak Kanayatn di Kabupaten Landak. Kajian diarahkan untuk memahami perbedaan tujuan pengaturan, konstruksi norma, serta konsekuensi yuridis dan sosial dari masing masing sistem hukum dalam merespons perbuatan perzinahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif dan sosiologis dengan sifat deskriptif analitis. Data sekunder diperoleh melalui telaah dokumen peraturan perundang undangan dan ketentuan tertulis terkait sanksi, sedangkan data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan pihak yang memahami praktik dan mekanisme penyelesaian perkara adat di Kabupaten Landak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Hukum Nasional menekankan kepastian hukum melalui rumusan delik dan bentuk sanksi yang terstandardisasi, dengan mekanisme pengaduan yang membatasi pihak pelapor sesuai ketentuan. Sebaliknya, Hukum Adat Dayak Kanayatn menempatkan perzinahan sebagai pelanggaran terhadap tatanan sosial komunal, sehingga sanksi dirancang bertingkat dan kontekstual dengan penekanan pada pemulihan keseimbangan, relasi sosial, dan penghormatan terhadap nilai kesusilaan. Implikasi temuan ini mengarah pada kebutuhan penguatan kerangka relasi antara penyelesaian adat dan sistem peradilan pidana negara agar reformasi hukum pidana mampu mendorong keadilan substansial dalam masyarakat majemuk. Kata kunci: Perzinahan; Sanksi; KUHP; Hukum Adat; Dayak Kanayatn   ABSTRACT This study examines the comparison of sanctions for adultery under Indonesian national criminal law and the customary law of the Dayak Kanayatn community in Landak Regency. The analysis is designed to clarify differences in regulatory objectives, normative construction, and the legal and social consequences produced by each system in addressing adultery. The research applies a normative and sociologist approach with a descriptive analytical design. Secondary data are collected through a review of statutory instruments and written provisions on sanctions, while primary data are obtained through interviews with actors who understand the practice and procedures of customary dispute settlement in Landak Regency. The findings indicate that national law prioritizes legal certainty through standardized offence formulations and sanction models, supported by a complaint mechanism that limits eligible complainants in accordance with the law. In contrast, Dayak Kanayatn customary law frames adultery as a violation of communal moral order, leading to tiered and contextual sanctions that emphasize restoration of social harmony, accountability to the community, and the reaffirmation of decency values. These results suggest the need for clearer guidance on the relationship between customary settlement and state criminal proceedings so that criminal law reform can better promote substantive justice in a legally plural society.e substantive justice in a legally plural society. Keywords: Adultery, Sanctions, Criminal Code, Customary Law, Dayak Kanayatn