KAJIAN VIKTIMOLOGI TERHADAPTERJADINYA PELECEHAN SEKSUAL DI KALANGAN COSPLAY DIKOTA PONTIANAK DALAM PERSPEKTIF PRESIPITASI KORBAN

Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini mengkaji terjadinya pelecehan seksual di kalangan cosplayer di Kota Pontianak dalam perspektif viktimologi dengan menggunakan Teori Presipitasi Korban sebagai pisau analisis utama. Latar belakang penelitian ini berangkat dari meningkatnya kasus pelecehan seksual di ruang publik serta ditemukannya pengalaman cosplayer yang mengalami catcalling, komentar seksual, tatapan bernuansa cabul, hingga sentuhan fisik tanpa persetujuan saat mengikuti event. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris melalui observasi, wawancara, kuesioner, dan dokumentasi terhadap cosplayer, panitia, dan pengunjung event. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelecehan terjadi akibat interaksi kompleks antara faktor situasional seperti keramaian (crowded public space) dan lemahnya pengawasan, faktor kultural berupa objektifikasi tubuh dan normalisasi candaan seksual, serta faktor struktural seperti minimnya mekanisme pengaduan dan literasi hukum. Dalam perspektif Teori Presipitasi Korban, representasi visual dan posisi cosplayer di ruang publik dapat meningkatkan kerentanan viktimisasi, namun tidak pernah menjadi pembenaran atas tindakan pelaku karena tanggung jawab pidana tetap melekat pada pelaku. Dampak yang dialami korban meliputi trauma psikologis, rasa takut, penurunan kepercayaan diri, pembatasan partisipasi dalam komunitas, serta potensi terjadinya viktimisasi sekunder melalui praktik victim blaming. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan sistem pengawasan event, penyusunan kode etik, edukasi mengenai consent, serta pendekatan perlindungan korban guna menciptakan ruang cosplay yang aman dan berkeadilan. Kata Kunci: Pelecehan Seksual, Cosplayer, Viktimologi, Presipitasi Korban. ABSTRACT This study examines the occurrence of sexual harassment among cosplayers in Pontianak City from a victimological perspective, using Victim Precipitation Theory as the primary analytical framework. The research is grounded in the increasing prevalence of sexual harassment in public spaces and findings that cosplayers have experienced catcalling, sexually explicit comments, leering, and non-consensual physical contact during events. This research employs a qualitative method with an empirical juridical approach, utilizing observation, interviews, questionnaires, and field documentation involving cosplayers, event organizers, and visitors. The findings indicate that harassment arises from a complex interaction of situational factors such as crowded public spaces and weak supervision, cultural factors including body objectification and the normalization of sexual jokes, and structural factors such as the lack of reporting mechanisms and limited legal literacy. From the perspective of Victim Precipitation Theory, visual representation and the presence of cosplayers in public spaces may increase vulnerability to victimization; however, these factors never justify the perpetrator’s actions, as criminal responsibility remains solely with the offender. The impacts experienced by victims include psychological trauma, fear, decreased self-confidence, reduced participation in community activities, and the risk of secondary victimization through victim-blaming practices. This study recommends strengthening event supervision systems, establishing clear codes of conduct, promoting consent education, and adopting a victim-centered protection approach to create a safer and more equitable environment within the cosplay community. Keywords: Sexual Harassment, Cosplayers, Victimology, Victim Precipitation.