MODEL INVESTMENT COURT SYSTEM SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PENANAMAN MODAL ASING DALAM ASEAN COMPREHENSIVE INVESTMENT AGREEMENT (ACIA)
Abstract
Abstrak
ASEAN merupakan kawasan regional dengan penerimaan Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) terbesar di negara berkembang pada tahun 2019. pada tahun 2020 perkembangan investasi Intra-ASEAN terus meningkat dibandingkan dengan investasi lainnya, sehingga diperlukannya fokus utama terhadap investasi intra regional bagi ASEAN. salah satu perkembangan tersebut adalah dengan disediakannya regulasi dan perlindungan investasi yang baik, termasuk penyelesaian sengketa investasi. Konsep penyelesaian sengketa inisiasi European Union (EU) yaitu Investment Court System diyakini dapat menjadi jawaban terhadap mekanisme Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) existing yang dianggap bermasalah. Pernyataan ini didukung dengan disahkannya beberapa Bilateral Treaty Investment (BIT) antara EU dengan negara mitranya Kanada, Vietnam, dan Singapura. Diperlukan sebuah kajian dalam mendapatkan gambaran mengenai bagaimana sistem yang ditawarkan ICS untuk dapat bekerja pada investasi intra-ASEAN.
Penelitian ini bersifat normatif dengan mengumpulkan data-data melalui studi kepustakaan, pengkajian terhadap ketentuan ICS dalam kerangka hukum internasional terutama ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement (ACIA), Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) milik EU dan Kanada, EU-Vietnam Investment Protection Agreement (EVIPA), serta EU-Singapore Investment Protection Agreement (IPA). kemudian dilakukan analisa untuk menempatkan konsep ICS ke dalam penyelesaian sengketa investasi intra-ASEAN, khususnya terhadap asas kepastian hukum, keterbukaan, akuntabilitas, dan efisiensi berkeadilan.
Ditemukan bahwa konsep ICS dapat diterapkan berdasarkan ACIA, putusan yang dikeluarkan ICS dapat berlaku selayaknya putusan arbitrase dan tunduk pada New York Convention 1958. Terdapat beberapa dampak yang didapatkan dengan menggunakan konsep ICS yakni kepastian hukum bagi negara dalam haknya untuk mengatur kepentingan umumnya, keterbukaan dan transparansi arbitrase, akuntabilitas arbiter, prediktabilitas putusan, dan efisiensi berkeadilan dalam mendapatkan putusan yang lebih koheren dan konsisten. Meskipun latar belakang, tujuan, dan fitur ICS yang positif, namun untuk dapat digunakannya ICS perlu dibentuknya suatu BIT antar setiap negara anggota ASEAN dengan ketentuan ICS dan masih terdapat beberapa poin yang perlu terus di kembangkan dan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan ASEAN sehingga dapat diimplementasikan di ASEAN.
Kata Kunci : ICS, ACIA, Penyelesaian Sengketa Investasi Asing, ASEAN, EU
Abstract
ASEAN is a regional area with the largest Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) receipts in the developing world in 2019. In 2020 the development of Intra-ASEAN investment continue to increase compared with other investments, Hence a major focus on intra-regional investment is needed for ASEAN. One of these developments is the provision of good investment regulations and protection, including the settlement of investment disputes. The concept of the European Union (EU) initiation dispute, namely the Investment Court System, can be a solution for the Investor-State Dispute Resolution (ISDS) mechanism that is considered problematic. This statement is supported by the ratification of several Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) between the EU and its partner countries Canada, Vietnam, and Singapore. A study is needed in getting the idea on how the system offered by ICS to work on intra-ASEAN investment.
This research is normative by collecting data through literature study, Review of ICS provisions in the international legal framework, especially the ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement (ACIA), the EU and Canada's Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), the EU-Vietnam Investment Protection Agreement (EVIPA), and the EU-Singapore Investment Protection Agreement (IPA). An analysis was then carried out to place the ICS concept into the resolution of intra-ASEAN investment disputes, particularly regarding legal certainty, transparency, accountability, and efficiency with justice.
It was found that the ICS concept can be applied based on the ACIA, the decisions issued by the ICS can apply according to the arbitration award and compliance with the 1958 New York Convention There are several impacts obtained by using the ICS concept, namely legal certainty for the state in its right to regulate its main interests, arbitration transparency and transparency, arbitrator accountability and predictability of decisions, and fair efficiency in obtaining more coherent and consistent decisions. Despite the positive background, objectives, and features of ICS, in order to use ICS it is necessary to establish a BIT between each ASEAN member country with ICS provisions and there are still several points that need to be developed and adapted to ASEAN needs so that they can be implemented in ASEAN.
Keywords: ICS, ACIA, Investment Dispute Settlement, ASEAN, EU
References
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