PRAKTIK STERILISASI PAKSA DAN PEMASANGAN IUD TERHADAP PEREMPUAN MUSLIM UIGHUR DI XINJIANG DITINJAU BERDASARKAN CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN (CEDAW)

Authors

  • JELLI SAFITRI NIM. A1011211125 Faculty of Law Tanjungpura University

Abstract

ABSTRACK

Etnis Uighur, kelompok minoritas Muslim di Xinjiang, China, menghadapi berbagai bentuk diskriminasi dan represi sistematis oleh pemerintah China. Xinjiang, sebagai wilayah yang kaya akan sumber daya alam dan memiliki keterkaitan budaya lebih erat dengan negara-negara Asia Tengah dibandingkan dengan etnis Han yang merupakan mayoritas di China, menjadi sasaran utama kebijakan asimilasi pemerintah. Salah satu bentuk represi yang dihadapi perempuan Uighur adalah praktik sterilisasi paksa dan pemasangan kontrasepsi Intrauterine Device (IUD) tanpa persetujuan mereka. Praktik ini merupakan bagian dari strategi kontrol populasi terhadap kelompok etnis minoritas.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif dengan melakukan telaah terhadap berbagai intrumen hukum internasional dan domestik terkait tanggung jawab negara dalam pelanggaran hak asasi manusia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah China melakukan sterilisasi tanpa persetujuan terhadap perempuan Uighur melalui berbagai cara, termasuk kampanye "KB Gratis", pemaksaan pemasangan IUD, serta pemberian obat-obatan di kamp pendidikan ulang yang menyebabkan terhentinya mensturasi. Selain itu, temuan ini juga mengungkap keberadaan Dokumen Karakax, sebuah dokumen rahasia yang bocor dari pemerintah China, yang menunjukkan bahwa individu, termasuk perempuan, ditahan di kamp pendidikan ulang berdasarkan berbagai alasan seperti memiliki anak melebihi batas yang diizinkan, bepergian ke negara-negara yang dianggap "sensitif", atau memiliki keluarga yang dianggap sebagai ancaman oleh pemerintah.

Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa praktik sterilisasi paksa dan pemasangan IUD terhadap perempuan Uighur di Xinjiang secara jelas melanggar berbagai intrumen hukum internasional, termasuk Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), Articles on Responsbility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (ARSIWA), serta Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC Statute). Selain itu, tindakan ini juga bertentangan dengan hukum domestik China, yaitu PRC Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interest of Women, yang secara eksplisit menjamin hak perempuan atas kesehatan reproduksi dan kesetaraan gender. Dengan demikian, temuan penelitian ini menguatkan bahwa China memiliki tanggung jawab atas kebijakan yang diterapkan di Xinjiang, baik dalam perspektif hukum internasional maupun domestik. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar bagi komunitas internasional untuk menekankan pemerintah China agar mengakhiri kebijakan represif ini serta memastikan keadilan bagi perempuan Uighur maupun etnis Uighur secara keseluruhan yang menjadi korban.

 

Kata Kunci: Sterilisasi Paksa, CEDAW, Hak Asasi Manusia, Tanggung Jawab Negara

 

ABSTRACT

The Uyghurs, a Muslim minority group in Xinjiang, China. Face systematic discrimination and repression by the Chinese government. Xinjiang, as a region rich in natural resourves and with closer cultural ties to Central Asian countries than the majority Han ethnic in China, is the main target of the government"™s assimilation policy. One form of repression faced by Uyghur women is the practice of forced sterilization and intrauterine device. (IUD) insertion without their concent. This practice is part of a population control strategy against ethnic minority groups.

This research uses a normative method by reviewing various innternational and domestic legal instrument rekated to state responsibility in human right violations. The results show that the Chinese government carries out forced sterilization of Uyghur Women through various methods, including the "free family planning" campaign, forced IUD insertion, and the administration of drugs in re-education camps that causes the ceassation of mensturation. In addition, the findings also reveal the existence of the Karakax Document, a secret document leaked from the Chinese government, which shows that individual, including women, are detained in re-education camps based on various reasons such as having more children than the permitted limit, traveling to countries considered "sensitive", or having a family that is considered a threat by the government.

Based on these findings, this tudy concludes that the practice of forced sterilization and IUD insertion against Uyghur women in Xinjiang clearly violates various international legal instruments, including the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the Articles on Responsibilities of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (ARSIWA), and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC Statute). In addition, this act also contradicts China"™s domestic law, namely the PRC Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interest of Women. Which explicitly guarantees women"™s rights to reproductive health and gender equality. Thus, the findings of this research corroborate that China has responsibility for the policies implemented in Xinjiang, both in the perspective of international and domestic law. The results of thus reseach are expected to serve as a basis for the international community to pressure the Chinese government to end this repressive policy and ensure justice for Uyghurs women and ethnic Uyghurs as a whole who are victims.

 

Keyword: Forced Sterilization, CEDAW, Human Rights, State Responsibility

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Published

2025-03-26