Sifat Arang Dan Arang Aktif Kayu Pinus

Abstract

Improving the quality of wood as fuel, can be done with a carbonization process that produces charcoal. However, charcoal has a low adsorption capacity. To increase the absorption power is done by activating the charcoal chemically. The purpose of this study was to compare the properties of charcoal and activated charcoal of pine wood. There are three stages of this research, namely carbonization, activation, and testing the characterization of charcoal and activated charcoal. Characterization tests carried out were water content, calorific value, ash content, volatile matter, and bound carbon. The results of this study indicate that the moisture content obtained is pine wood moisture content of 47.81%, pine charcoal moisture content of 3.9% and pine activated charcoal moisture content of 16.14%. The calorific value of pine wood is 4768.34 cal/g and for pine charcoal is 7373.68 cal/g. The value of ash content of pine charcoal is 1.7% and activated pine charcoal obtained an ash content value of 3.19%. The value of volatile matter produced for pine charcoal is 28.81% and for pine activated charcoal is 20.5%. The value of bound carbon produced in this practicum differs between pine charcoal and pine activated charcoal, the value of carbon bound for charcoal is 69% and for pine activated charcoal it is 76%. This gives an understanding that pine charcoal is more suitable as a fuel when compared to activated charcoal. Keywords: Activated charcoal, charcoal, characterization, energy, pine Abstrak Peningkatan kualitas kayu sebagai bahan bakar, dapat dilakukan dengan proses karbonisasi yang menghasilkan arang. Namun demikian, arang mempunyai daya adsorpsi yang rendah. Untuk memperbesar daya absorpsi dilakukan dengan cara mengaktifkan arang secara kimia. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk membandingkan sifat arang dan arang aktif kayu pinus. Tahapan penelitian ini ada tiga yaitu karbonisasi, aktivasi, serta pengujian karakterisasi arang dan arang aktif. Pengujian karakterisasi yang dilakukan yaitu kadar air, nilai kalor, kadar abu, volatile matter, dan karbon terikat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan Nilai kadar air diperoleh yaitu kadar air kayu pinus sebesar 47.81%, kadar air arang pinus sebesar 3.9% dan kadar air arang aktif pinus sebesar 16.14%. Nilai kalor yang dihasil dari kayu pinus sebesar 4768.34 kal/g dan untuk arang pinus sebesar 7373.68 kal/g. Nilai kadar abu arang pinus sebesar 1.7% dan arang aktif pinus diperoleh nilai kadar abu sebesar 3.19%. Nilai volatile matter yang dihasilkan untuk bahan arang pinus sebesar 28.81% dan untuk bahan arang aktif pinus sebesar 20.5%. Nilai karbon terikat yang dihasilkan pada praktikum ini berbeda antara arang pinus dan arang aktif pinus, nilai karbon terikat arang sebesar 69% dan untuk arang aktif pinus sebesar 76%. Hal ini memberikan pengertian bahwa arang pinus lebih cocok sebagai bahan bakar jika dibandingkan dengan arang aktif. Kata kunci: Arang, arang aktif, energi, karakterisasi, pinus