ETNOBOTANI RITUAL ADAT SUKU DAYAK KANAYATN DESA NYAYUM KECAMATAN KUALA BEHE KABUPATEN LANDAK

Abstract

Ethnobotany is the interaction of tribes and plants. The Kanayatn Dayak community of Nyayum Village, Kuala Behe District, Landak Regency known for using and processing plants for traditional ritual activities. This study aimed to examine the ethnobotany of the Dayak Kanayatn tribe of Nyayum Village in utilizing plants in conventional rituals based on local community knowledge and scientific knowledge. The method used in this study is a survey method with a critical person technique interviewing the Village Head, Hamlet Head and Dukun/customary leaders. The results showed that there were 12 traditional rituals by the Nyayum Village community, as many as 19 families and 26 species. Based on the percentage of utilization in each hamlet, from the highest to the lowest, Engkalong Hamlet was 100%, Nyayum Hamlet and Leban Hamlet were 73% from 19 families and 26 plant species, respectively. The Arecaceaese family has a percentage of 21% with the most species (4 species). The Poaceae family has 15.78% with number of species (3 species) of 26 plant species. Based on the status in nature, Wild has a percentage of 53.85%, and Cultivation has a rate of 46.15%. Plants with the highest to the lowest rate of habitus were herbs at 30.76%, trees at 15.38%, palms at 15.38%, shrubs at 11.53%, lianas at 7.79%, and bamboo and epiphytes each had 3.84%. The highest plant parts used were leaves, with a percentage of 57.69%, and the lowest were rhizome, fruit and leaves, with a rate of 3.85%. The highest ritual using plants is Balengang, with a percentage of 80.77%, and the lowest ceremony is Panarang Kampong, Pay Mouth and Baremah Pamabok, with a rate of 46.15%.

Keywords: Dayak Kanayatn, Ethnobotany, Traditional Rituals.

Abstrak

Etnobotani merupakan hubungan interaksi suku dan tumbuhan. Masyarakat Dayak Kanayatn Desa Nyayum Kecamatan Kuala Behe Kabupaten Landak memiliki pengetahuan tentang pemanfaatan dan pengolahan tumbuhan untuk kegiatan ritual adat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji etnobotani suku Dayak Kanayatn Desa Nyayum dalam memanfaatkan tumbuhan dalam ritual adat berdasarkan pengetahuan lokal masyarakat dan pengetahuan ilmiah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey dengan teknik key person mewawancarai Kepala Desa, Kepala Dusun dan Dukun/Pemimpin adat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat 12 ritual adat oleh masyarakat Desa Nyayum, sebanyak 19 famili dan 26 spesies tumbuan. Berdasarkan persentase pemanfaatan di setiap Dusun tertinggi sampai terendah adalah Dusun Engkalong sebanyak 100%, Dusun Nyayum dan Dusun Leban masing-masing 73% dari 19 famili dan 26 spesies tumbuhan. Famili Arecaceae memiliki persentase 21% dengan spesies terbanyak yaitu 4 spesies. Famili Poaceae memiliki 15,78% dengan jumlah 3 spesies dari 26 spesies tumbuhan. Berdasarkan status dialam tumbuh Liar memiliki persentase 53,85%, dan Budidaya memiliki persentase 46,15%. Tumbuhan dengan persentase Habitus tertinggi sampai terendah adalah terna 30,76%, pohon 15,38%, palem 15,38% perdu 11,53%, liana 7,79%, bambu dan epifit msing-masing memiliki 3,84%. Bagian tumbuhan tertinggi yang dimanfaatkan adalah daun sebanyak persentase 57,69%, terendah adalah rimpang, buah dan daun dengan persentase 3,85%. Ritual tertinggi menggunakan tumbuhan adalah Balengang dengan persentase 80,77% dan ritual terendah Panarang Kampong, Bayar Mulut dan Baremah Pamabok dengan persentase 46,15%.

Kata kunci: Dayak Kanayatn, Etnobotani, Ritual Adat.