Status Keanekaragaman Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula pada Rizosfer Bambu di Desa Banua Tanga Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can be found in various ecosystems.  It has a significant role in helping plants survive in any environmental condition.  The diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the bamboo rhizosphere, especially in the Kapuas Hulu district, has yet to be widely known and recorded.  Therefore, it is necessary to research the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the bamboo rhizosphere to know AMF diversity level, spore density, root infection rate, spore population, and analysis of soil chemicals contained in the form of soil pH, C organic, and phosphorus.  The purpose of this research is to get information about the status of AMF species diversity in the bamboo rhizosphere in Banua Tanga Village, Kapuas Hulu District.  The research was conducted at the Silviculture Laboratory, Forestry Faculty, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, for two months.  The research method used a survey method and purposive sampling technique. This study found five types of spores of AMF, known as Glomus sp. 1, Glomus sp. 2, Glomus sp. 3, Glomus sp. 4, and Glomus sp. 5,  The level of diversity in both types of bamboo is known to be at a moderate level of diversity. The level of AMF abundance in both types of bamboo is included in the high criteria.

Keywords: diversity, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, bamboo, rhizosphere

Abstrak

Fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA) dapat ditemukan pada berbagai ekosistem dan memiliki peran besar dalam membantu tanaman dapat bertahan dari berbagai kondisi lingkungan. Keanekaragaman fungi mikoriza arbuskula pada rizosfer bambu khususnya kabupaten Kapuas hulu belum banyak diketahui dan terdata. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukannya penelitian mengenai keanekaragaman FMA pada rizosfer bambu ini agar didapatkannya tingkat keragaman, kepadatan spora, tingkat infeksi pada akar, populasi spora dan analisis kimia tanah berupa pH tanah, C organik, dan fosfor. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mendapatkan informasi status keanekaragaman spesies FMA pada rizosfer bambu di Desa Banua Tanga, Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Silvikultur Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak selama 2 bulan. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode survei dan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan 5 jenis spora FMA yaitu Glomus sp. 1, Glomus sp. 2, Glomus sp. 3, Glomus sp. 4 dan Glomus sp. 5. Tingkat keragaman pada kedua jenis bambu diketahui berada pada tingkat keragaman sedang. Tingkat kelimpahan FMA pada kedua jenis  bambu termasuk kriteria tinggi.

Kata kunci: keanekaragaman, fungi mikoriza arbuskula, bambu, rizosfer