Keanekaragaman Jenis Semut (Formecidae) Di Hutan Sekunder Desa Betenung Kecamatan Nanga Tayap Kabupaten Ketapang

Abstract

Ants are a species of insect that can live in a wide range of habitats. They play several ecological roles, including as predators, pollinators, decomposers, and contributors to soil aeration. Their presence is often used as a bioindicator for assessing environmental quality. This research aimed to document the diversity of terrestrial and arboreal ant species found in two species of forests: rubber plantations and tembawang forests in Betenung Village, Nanga Tayap District, Ketapang Regency.The study employed a survey method with purposive sampling based on habitat species"”rubber plantations and tembawang forests. Observation plots measuring 20 × 20 meters were established, and within each plot, five subplots of 2 × 2 meters were created. Ant trapping was conducted using the pitfall trap method, with one trap placed in each subplot.The results showed a total of 8 terrestrial and 2 arboreal ant species, belonging to two subfamilies: Formicinae and Myrmicinae. These species were found in both habitat species, with a total of 1,383 individual ants collected. The species diversity index (H') in the rubber plantation habitat was 0.545 for arboreal ants and 0.855 for terrestrial ants. The species richness index (DMg) was 0.183 for arboreal and 0.337 for terrestrial ants, while the species evenness index (E) was 0.787 for arboreal and 0.617 for terrestrial ants.In the tembawang forest habitat, the species diversity index (H') was 0.597 for arboreal ants and 1.277 for terrestrial ants. The species richness index (DMg) was 0.176 for arboreal and 1.135 for terrestrial ants, and the species evenness index (E) was 0.861 for both arboreal and terrestrial ants. The similarity index for arboreal ant species between the two habitat species was categorized as high, whereas the similarity index for terrestrial ant species was categorized as moderate Keywords: Habitat Diversity, Ants, Terrestrial, arboreal Abstrak Semut merupakan salah satu jenis serangga yang dapat hidup di berbagai habitat. Semut memiliki beberapa peranan yaitu sebagai predator, penyerbuk, dekomposer, dan memperbaiki aerasi tanah. Keberadaan semut sering kali dijadikan sebagai bio-indikator penilaian kualitas lingkungan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendata keanekaragaman jenis semut terestrial dan arboreal yang terdapat pada dua tipe hutan yaitu kebun karet dan hutan tembawang di Desa Betenung, Kecamatan Nanga Tayap, Kabupaten Ketapang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan penentuan plot pengamatan secara sengaja (purposive sampling) berdasarkan tipe habitat yaitu kebun karet,dan hutan tembawang. Plot pengamatan berukuran 20 m × 20 m, kemudian di dalam plot dibuat 5 sub plot berukuran 2x2m. Peletakan jebakan menggunakan metode pit fall trap yang diletakkan pada masing-masing sub plot. Hasil data yang diperoleh yaitu ditemukan 8 jenis semut terestrial dan 2 jenis semut arboreal dari 2 sub famili yaitu Formicinae, dan Myrmicinae. Jenis semut ini ditemukan pada 2 tipe habitat hutan karet dan hutan tembawang. dengan jumlah keseluruhan 1.383 individu semut. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman jenis (H"™) pada kebun karet, arboreal 0,545 terestrial 0,855. indeks kekayaan jenis (DMg) arboreal 0,183 terestrial 0,337, indeks kemerataan jenis (E) arboreal yaitu 0,787 terestrial 0,617. Habitat hutan tembawang, arboreal 0,597 terestrial 1,277, Penelitian ini menggunakan indeks kekayaan jenis (DMg) arboreal 0,176 terestrial 1,135, indeks kemerataan jenis (E) arboreal yaitu 0,861 terestrial 0,861. Nilai indeks similaritas jenis semut arboreal pada kedua tipe habitat masuk dalam kriteria tinggi, sedangkan semut terestrial pada habitat masuk dalam kategori sedang. Kata Kunci: Habitat, Keanekaragaman, Semut, Arboreal, Terestrial