Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah (ISSN: 2622-2884) is a scientific journal published by the Environmental Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak, Indonesia. The Journal was established as a medium for disseminating search results in the form of full research articles, short communications, and review articles on aspects of environmental sciences. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah is registered on the ISSN starting from Vol. 1 No. 2, July 2018. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah accepts articles Bahasa Indonesia by covering several topics environmental studiea including clean water supply, waswater distribution, and treatment, drainage and treatment of liquid taste, solid waste treatment, air pollution control, mining environmental conditions, management of industrial B3 discharges, environmental management (impact analysis), regional and environmental spatial planning, environmental conservation, water and soil pollution control, environmental health and sanitation, ocupational safety and health, pollution control in wetlands. Since 2025, The Journal periodically publishes Two Issues a year in January, and July. Starting in 2025, authors will be charged an Article Processing Charge (APC) for each accepted article. Articles will only be published after the APC has been paid in full. Manuscript submission requires the payment of the APC; however, payment does not guarantee acceptance. All submitted manuscripts will undergo a thorough peer-review process. Authors facing financial constraints may request a fee waiver. We are committed to ensuring that publication costs do not hinder the dissemination of research. For more information or to request a waiver, please contact us via email (jurnal.lahanbasah@gmail.com) Confirm Form Article link: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1mM57FnEmwQllutyRvujDZibwQsckN-D_A-jU3Ik9pas/preview. Form Call For Editor/Reviewers) link: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc31pYpTwoPQXiKu6pJq4tY1jz-uN9bGDIECmIVOOf-y55ztQ/viewform. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah is now indexed on the site:
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Pengolahan Fraksi Solar Hasil Pirolisis Sampah Plastik Menggunakan Adsorben Zeolit Teraktivasi Asam Sulfat
Processing plastic waste, especially Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), is an environmental problem because it is difficult to decompose. One method of processing plastic waste is pyrolysis, which converts plastic into liquid fuels such as diesel. However, pyrolyzed diesel still contains impurities, such as sulfur, chlorine, and hydrocarbon compounds, which affect fuel quality, including acid number and viscosity. This study aims to determine the adsorbent characteristics of natural zeolite (ZA), chemically-physical activation zeolite (ZKF), and physico-chemical activation zeolite (ZFK), and to assess their effectiveness in improving the quality of diesel fuel from the pyrolysis of plastic waste. The test of zeolite as an adsorbent was conducted by measuring water and ash content and by characterizing it using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), and a Gas Sorption Analyzer (GSA). FTIR results showed spectral changes indicative of the loss of OH groups and revealed the main functional groups of the activated zeolites. XRF results show that ZKF and ZFK have increased silica (SiO₂) content from 81.85% to 82.19% and 82.26%, and decreased iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) content from 0.94% to 0.63% and 0.62%. GSA analysis showed increases in the surface areas of ZKF and ZFK from 11.49 m²/g to 34.06 m²/g and 19.78 m²/g, respectively. Processing of pyrolyzed diesel using ZKF and ZFK showed a decrease in acid number from 1.03 mg NaOH/g to 0.25 mg NaOH/g and 0.20 mg NaOH/g, a reduction in viscosity from 5.45 cSt to 5.19 cSt and 5.13 cSt. The most effective adsorbent for reducing acid number and viscosity is ZFK, with a surface area of 19.78 m2/g, an average pore diameter of 5.99 nm, and optimal adsorption conditions at a stirring time of 4 minutes with an adsorbent mass of 1.5 grams in 50 mL of pyrolyzed diesel.
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Analisis Status Mutu Sungai Pawan di Kabupaten Ketapang Berdasarkan Metode STORET
The Pawan Watershed (DAS Pawan) is one of the main watersheds in Ketapang Regency, West Kalimantan Province, serving as an essential water source for community needs while receiving pollutant loads from residential areas, plantations, agricultural activities, and palm oil industries. Pollution pressure increases due to the discharge of domestic wastewater, runoff from plantation areas, and various industrial activities. This study aims to identify pollution sources in the Pawan River, assess its water quality, and analyze its status using the STORET method. This research is a quantitative descriptive study that provides an overview and explanation of pollution sources, water quality characteristics, and the water quality status of the Pawan River. The data used in this study are secondary data obtained from the Environmental and Forestry Agency of West Kalimantan Province for the period 2021-2024, covering 10 monitoring points. The analyzed water quality parameters include pH, TSS, BOD, COD, DO, nitrate, phosphate, and fecal coliform, in accordance with the Class II water quality standards set out in Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021. The results of the inventory indicate that pollution sources originate from residential activities and palm oil industries (point sources) as well as plantations and fields (non-point sources). The highest recorded values were 12,9 mg/L for BOD in Semester II, 125 mg/L for COD in Semester I, and 0,3 mg/L for phosphate in Semester II, all of which exceeded the water quality standards. Based on the STORET method, the water quality status of the Pawan River is heavily polluted at monitoring point X, with a score of -34 in Semester II.
Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Sablon dengan Metode Elektrokoagulasi
Wastewater from the screen-printing process contains concentrated dyes and heavy metals, such as hexavalent chromium (Cr⁶⁺), which are hazardous to the environment if discharged untreated. Electrocoagulation is a treatment method that uses an electric current to dissolve a metal electrode, which then reacts to form coagulants within the water. These coagulants bind and precipitate contaminant particles, such as dyes and heavy metal ions. This study aims to (1) determine the efficiency of the electrocoagulation method in reducing color and Cr⁶⁺ parameters; (2) analyze the effect of contact time variation; (3) determine the electrode lifespan; and (4) calculate the estimated energy consumption and cost. The process was conducted using an Iron (Fe) anode and an Aluminum (Al) cathode at a constant voltage of 12 V, with contact times of 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The results showed that the electrocoagulation process was significantly effective (p < .001) in improving wastewater quality. The process successfully reduced color with an efficiency exceeding 99% and Cr⁶⁺ concentration with an efficiency over 92%, while also significantly increasing the solution's pH. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that variation in contact time had a significant effect on pH (p = 0.024). However, extending the time from 30 to 60 minutes did not show a statistically significant effect on the removal efficiency of color (p = 0.156) or Cr⁶⁺ (p = 0.270), indicating that the null hypothesis (H₀) was accepted for these two parameters. Electrode dissolution efficiency ranged from 64.5% to 75.6%, and the lowest estimated energy cost was obtained at the 30-minute treatment, at IDR 31.36 per liter. This study concludes that electrocoagulation with an Fe anode and Al cathode is highly effective, and a 30-minute process duration is optimal for achieving high pollutant removal efficiencies of 99.43% for color and 99.47% for Cr⁶⁺ cost-effectively. Electrocoagulation has been proven effective and is potentially applicable to small to medium-scale wastewater treatment for screen-printing.
Kajian Konsumsi Bahan Bakar Dump Truck pada Pengangkutan Ore Bauksit di PT. Antam Tbk UBP Bauksit Tayan, Kalimantan Barat
In mining operations, mechanical equipment is essential. One of the mechanical pieces of equipment used in the hauling process, particularly in the open-pit mine of PT ANTAM Tbk UBPB Tayan, is the dump truck. A crucial component of the hauling activity is the fuel required by the hauling equipment. This study aims to determine the fuel consumption (liters/hour) of the hauling equipment and to analyze the fuel costs incurred during the transportation of bauxite ore. Several factors, including road grade, influence fuel consumption. Based on field observations, 4 out of 17 road segments exceeded the company's recommended maximum road grade of 10%. Other factors affecting fuel consumption include idle time, rimpull usage, power, and operator behavior towards the hauling equipment. The fuel consumption was calculated using rimpull and idle RPM. Based on rimpull and idle RPM calculations, the fuel consumption of the Hino 500 dump truck is 8.71 liters/hour, with a fuel cost of IDR 134,850/hour. The hauling equipment productivity is 70.23 tons/hour, resulting in a fuel ratio of 0.12 liters/ton and a hauling cost of IDR 1,860 per ton. After simulating improvements in road grade and idle time, fuel consumption decreased to 7.39 liters/hour, with a fuel cost of IDR 114,545/hour. The productivity of the hauling equipment after idle time improvement increased to 93.56 tons/hour, resulting in a post-improvement fuel ratio of 0.08 liters/ton and a hauling cost of IDR 1,240 per ton.
Perencanaan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) Portable Industri Laundry
Laundry businesses provide significant benefits to the surrounding community's economy and can reduce unemployment and improve the community's standard of living. Based on monitoring data from the Environmental Agency (2018), there are 42 laundries in Pontianak City. One laundry business in Pontianak City without wastewater treatment is Kalesco Laundry. Wastewater from laundry activities is discharged directly into waterways without prior treatment. Laundry liquid waste has a high organic content, which means it can pollute the environment. The purpose of this planning is to design and calculate the budget for building a portable wastewater treatment system at the Kalesco laundry. Sampling was carried out using the grab sample method at 14.00 WIB, and the samples were then tested in the laboratory. The planned waste discharge is 4.15 m3 / day. Based on laboratory test results, the characteristics of the Kalesco laundry liquid waste were: TSS 205 mg/l, COD 1397 mg/l, BOD 608 mg/l, MBAS 3.81 mg/l, phosphate 0.160 mg/l, and pH 8.21. The result of this planning is the selected unit for portable wastewater treatment plant consisting of an equalization tank (0.2x0.1x1.5m), aerobic biofilter tank (1.4mx1.0mx1.5m), sedimentation tank (0.54mx0.27mx2m), and final storage tank (0.4mx0.2mx1.5m) with a total land area required of 2.50 m2 and a total cost of Rp. 4,999,55.
Profil Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca Di Kabupaten Sambas
Climate change is the phenomenon of increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the Earth's atmosphere. Sambas Regency, the extreme coastal area of West Kalimantan, has a population of 647,800. It contributes to greenhouse gas emissions from various activities, such as transportation, waste management, agriculture, plantation, and animal husbandry. This research aims to calculate greenhouse gas emissions across multiple sectors, create an emissions map, and identify mitigation efforts. The study's results are expected to inform the Sambas Regency Government in designing mitigation actions that are easy to implement in the field. The method used to conduct this greenhouse gas emission inventory follows Tier-1 IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 2006 guidelines, with emission factors set to the IPCC standard. Activity data used in the emission inventory is sourced from secondary data. Meanwhile, mitigation options were generated from literature studies. The results showed that the total GHG emissions in the Agriculture sector in Sambas Regency reached 277.25 Gg CO2-eq, in the Plantation sector the total GHG emissions in the Palm Oil Plantation sector in Sambas Regency reached 13.40 Gg CO2-eq, the total GHG emissions in the transportation sector in Sambas Regency reached 228.20 Gg CO2-eq, the total GHG emissions in the Livestock sector in Sambas Regency reached 0.684 Gg CO2-eq. The total GHG emissions in the waste sector in Sambas Regency reached 0.0901 Gg CO2-eq.
Analisis Tingkat Bahaya Erosi di Sub DAS Manday
Erosion is the process by which soil particles are detached and transported from their original location to other areas, primarily driven by water and wind, through the breakdown of soil aggregates (dispersion) and surface runoff. Continuous erosion can lead to sedimentation in rivers, reducing their capacity to carry water and increasing the risk of flooding during periods of high rainfall. However, scientific studies on erosion in the Manday sub-watershed remain limited. This study aims to analyze the extent of erosion occurring in the Manday Sub-Watershed using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) method combined with Geographic Information Systems (GIS), classify the erosion hazard level (EHL) in the Manday Sub-Watershed, and produce a map of the distribution of erosion hazard levels (EHL) in the Manday Sub-Watershed. The parameters used include the erosivity factor (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and gradient (LS), land cover (C), and land conservation measures (P). The results of the study show that erosion in the Manday Sub-Watershed amounts to 101,491.44 tons/ha/year, with five erosion hazard levels (EHL) classified: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high, with the very low category covering 176,966.41 ha (56.95%) and the low category covering 92. 773.49 ha (29.86%), while the moderate category accounted for 5.67% (17,618.21 ha), severe for 3.35% (10,397.92 ha), and very severe for 4.17% (12,971.30 ha). Mapping the distribution of erosion hazard levels (TBE) shows that areas with higher TBE are generally on steep slopes with minimal vegetation cover. This mapping underscores the need for targeted land management in high-risk areas to mitigate erosion impacts.
Kajian IPAL Rumah Potong Ayam di PT. X Bali: Evaluasi Teknis, Analisis Dampak Lingkungan, dan Perumusan Strategi Pengelolaan
PT. X Bali is a chicken-slaughtering industry in Tabanan Regency, Bali, and has been operating since 2008. The production process in this industry requires large amounts of air for washing, which ultimately produces liquid waste. The liquid waste produced has the potential to pollute the environment. This study aims to activate the liquid waste processing unit at PT's Wastewater Treatment Plant (IPAL). X Bali, analyze the impact on the environment, and develop a management strategy. The study was conducted by collecting data from the source of liquid waste production, including the amount produced, its characteristics, and the capacity of the liquid waste processing facility. The IPAL was evaluated from a technical standpoint, considering its suitability with the design criteria for each unit. The environmental impact evaluation was conducted by analyzing changes in the pollution index (PI) of the river receiving the IPAL effluent due to the pollutant load from the IPAL. Furthermore, through a SWOT analysis, a management strategy for the IPAL was formulated based on its current conditions. The results of the study showed that the efficiency of the IPAL PT. X Bali for TSS parameters is only 41%, while BOD, COD, oil & fat, and NH₃ parameters show efficiency above 90%. The results of the class 4 river water pollution index indicate that the water quality status of the Yeh Penet tributary in the study area is "Light Pollution (CR)". The results of the strategy formulation determine the operators specifically tasked with maintaining the Wastewater Treatment Plant (IPAL).
Analisis Blending Bauksit Menggunakan Metode Simplek Di PT. Bumi Khatulistiwa Bauksit Kecamatan Meliau Kabupaten Sanggau, Kalimantan Barat.
PT conducted the blending calculations. Bumi Khatulistiwa Bauksit has not yet yielded efficient results. In terms of grade, the blending results exceed the company's specifications. Regarding tonnage, the company uses only a small amount of ROM, so it cannot fully maximize ROM with low-grade material. The research aims to optimize ROM with Al2O3 levels below 46% that are not selling well, thereby maximizing both grade and tonnage. The study calculates the blending activities in a barge with a capacity of 9.500 tons. Blending uses a 3-ROM composition and is simulated in blending activities using the simplex method to achieve optimal tonnage, in line with customer-grade requirements. The blending calculation results for bauxite using the simplex method show ROM 03 at 3.790,84133 tons, ROM 06 at 3.451,05238 tons, and ROM 12 at 2.248,10629 tons, with Al2O3 at 46,171%, SiO2 at 12%, and RSiO2 at 4%.
Inovasi Teknologi Pencacahan Tanaman Dengan Pemodelan Pisau untuk Mendukung Kompos Berbasis Biopori pada Lingkungan Berkelanjutan
Organic waste management is a strategic effort in promoting sustainable agriculture and environmental preservation. This article aims to design a plant shredding machine to accelerate the decomposition of organic materials, particularly within biopore systems. The research method includes identifying functional requirements, mechanical design, selecting materials and components, and conducting work simulation and performance testing. The materials used in testing consist of dry leaves, small twigs, and household plant waste. The design results indicate that the shredding machine can produce chopped material that accelerates composting and facilitates biopore filling. The machine is also considered energy-efficient and environmentally friendly, making it potentially applicable at the household and community levels. This innovation is expected to enhance public participation in independent organic waste processing.
Analisis Potensi Gas Rumah Kaca dari Sektor Energi di Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang
Climate change is an increasingly pressing global issue, and greenhouse gas emissions are among its main drivers. Greenhouse Gases are gases found in the atmosphere that absorb and re-emit infrared radiation from Earth, causing an increase in Earth's surface temperature. The researcher aims to calculate and analyze CO2 emissions resulting from the identification of transportation activities on campus 1 of Singaperbangsa University, Karawang. The researcher uses direct observation. The primary data in this study are the numbers of vehicles and electronic devices, such as lights and air conditioners. The use of electricity results in a potential Greenhouse Gas emission of 19,982 kg CO2eq at Singaperbangsa University, Karawang, representing 56% of the total. Motorized vehicles have a potential greenhouse gas emission of 15,807 kgCO2eq at Singaperbangsa University, Karawang, accounting for 44% of the total. The total potential Greenhouse Gas emissions from electricity use and motorized vehicles at Singaperbangsa University, Karawang, amount to 35,789 kg CO2eq.
Analisis Potensi Pengelolaan Sampah Domestik Skala Mikro di Kecamatan Johar Baru, Jakarta Pusat
Waste management in the Johar Baru District of Central Jakarta faces significant challenges related to infrastructure, public awareness, and resource constraints. This study aims to analyze the generation, composition, and characteristics of domestic waste, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the implemented waste management policies. The methodology includes a quantitative analysis of waste samples collected over eight consecutive days and laboratory analysis to determine waste characteristics. The results indicate that food waste dominates the waste composition (50.6%), followed by paper and plastic. The waste characteristics in the Johar Baru District show an average moisture content of 65.28% and an average ash content of 89.29%. Waste management policies, such as establishing waste banks and using small vehicles for waste collection, have shown positive results, although their implementation remains limited. Potential waste management initiatives include composting, vermicomposting, Black Soldier Fly (BSF) technology, and plastic recycling. To improve management effectiveness, a more intensive approach to education and increasing public participation is necessary.
Potensi Bisnis Maggot Menggunakan Limbah Organik Pasar Mawar
Organic waste accounts for the largest share of municipal solid waste and poses environmental risks if not properly managed. This study aims to analyze the potential of organic waste at the Pasar Mawar Temporary Waste Disposal Site (TPS) as feed for maggot cultivation, to assess the technical feasibility of maggot farming across several locations in Pontianak City, and to evaluate the business feasibility using the Break-Even Point (BEP) approach. The research methods include measuring waste generation in accordance with SNI 19-3964-1994, structured interviews with maggot producers, and a simple economic analysis. The results show an average organic waste generation of 235.25 kg/day, dominated by vegetable and fruit residues. The surveyed maggot cultivation sites exhibited varied production levels, with significant waste-reduction efficiency. BEP analysis indicates that maggot farming is economically viable and feasible at the community scale. These findings support the utilization of maggots as an effective solution for organic waste management and as a potential component of a circular economy model.
Kajian Teknis Penjadwalan Pemeliharaan Kolam Pengendapan (Tailing Pond) PT. Bumi Khatulistiwa Bauksit Site Meliau Kabupaten Sanggau Kalimantan Barat
PT. Bumi Khatulistiwa Bauksit (PT. BKB), a bauxite mining company, faces challenges in maintaining its tailing ponds. The lack of a structured maintenance schedule has led to sediment accumulation, which risks pond shallowing and environmental contamination from potential overflow. This study aims to evaluate the condition of the settling ponds and establish an optimal maintenance schedule. A quantitative approach was employed, combining primary field data with secondary data. Analytical steps included calculating design rainfall, rainfall intensity, total discharge, solid percentage, settling velocity, and maintenance/dredging time based on pond volume and sediment accumulation. Results indicate the highest daily total discharge in Pond 1 (17,276.23 m³/day) and the lowest in Pond 5 (5,022.97 m³ /day). Maintenance intervals vary: Pond 1 requires dredging every 1 month and 7 days; Pond 2, every 1 month and 22 days; Pond 3, every 1 year and 5 months and 12 days; Pond 4, every 4 months and 18 days; and Pond 5, every 6 years and 5 months and 12 days. The excavator’s productivity reaches 447.93 m³/hour, with dredging time per pond ranging from 8 to 35 days.
Mitigasi Pengelolaan Sampah di Kota Pariaman : Perspektif Teknis, Sosial, dan Institusional
This study is motivated by the increasing volume of waste and the limited capacity for waste management in Pariaman City. It aims to (1) identify the main technical constraints in waste collection and processing in Pariaman; (2) assess public awareness and practices related to waste separation and disposal; (3) examine inter-agency coordination in supporting the implementation of waste-management policies. This is a qualitative case-study research and was conducted in Pariaman over ten months (February–November 2025). The informants were 4 persons selected through purposive sampling. Research instruments comprised semi-structured interview guides, observation checklists, and documentary evidence. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation at the Tungkal Selatan landfill and related facilities, and document review. The findings indicate that, from a technical perspective, waste management in Pariaman falls into the “adequately compliant” category (mean score 75%). From a social perspective, public understanding of waste separation is relatively reasonable, classified as “compliant” (mean score: 81.5%). Institutionally, governance demonstrates adherence to standard operating procedures and coordination forums, which are also classified as “compliant” (mean score 82%). The study concludes that effective waste-management mitigation requires an integrated intervention comprising fleet renewal and scheduled maintenance, digitalization of operational systems, strengthening of technical capacity and community cadres, and clarification of authority alongside consistent inter-organization enforcement mechanisms. Recommendations are directed to Disperkim LH to develop an integrated operational plan, to the community to reinforce separation practices and participation in local waste banks, and to city policymakers to establish sustainable financing mechanisms, clarify institutional mandates, and implement more consistent enforcement procedures.
Analisis Skala Prioritas Pengendalian Banjir di Kabupaten Kubu Raya
Geographical conditions and a suboptimal drainage system capacity make Kubu Raya Regency in West Kalimantan Province highly vulnerable to flooding. This study aims to determine the priority scale in flood control in three subdistricts, including Sungai Raya, Sungai Ambawang, and Kuala Mandor B, by using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to stakeholders and related parties to obtain paired assessments of various criteria and alternative strategies. The analysis results show that the most effective priority strategies for each region are a reforestation program in Sungai Raya District, the implementation of flood-prone area zoning in Sungai Ambawang, and a revision of spatial planning policies in Kuala Mandor B. These findings are expected to provide an empirical basis for the local government in formulating effective flood mitigation policies.
Analisis Kapasitas Sistem Drainase Parit Keramat di Kawasan Bandar Udara Supadio Kabupaten Kubu Raya Menggunakan HEC-RAS
Supadio Airport has several drainage channels, including the Parit Keramat Drainage Channel. This channel has experienced narrowing due to household waste accumulation and sedimentation, leading to flooding in 2017 when the airport area was hit by extreme rainfall and high tides. As a result, 12 flight schedules were cancelled, and 36 flights were delayed (Kompas, 2017). To address this issue, an effective drainage system is necessary, especially in the runway, taxiway, and apron areas, to maintain aviation safety and security. The flood condition at Supadio Airport was analyzed using technical calculations and unsteady-flow simulations for a 10-year return period, based on tidal data calibration and instantaneous discharge in HEC-RAS. The drainage network in the study area was modeled based on topographic measurements of the existing channels. The Parit Keramat Channel is approximately 1,400 meters long. The HEC-RAS modeling results for the 10-year return period and tidal conditions show a significant impact on the existing channel condition. Most of the STAs (Stations) on the Parit Keramat Channel experienced flooding, with inundation heights ranging from 0.03 to 0.38 meters.
Kinetika Adsorpsi Antibiotik Tetrasiklin Oleh Komposit TiO2-Ni/PVA/Serat Sabut Pinang Teraktivasi
Environmental pollution from tetracycline antibiotics has become a serious concern because of their stability and tendency to bind to Ca2+ and other ions, leading to frequent detections in wastewater, surface water, groundwater, sludge, and sediments. One effective method to address this issue is adsorption using TiO2-Ni-based composite materials. This study aims to investigate the effect of variations in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) mass on the adsorption capacity and rate of tetracycline in TiO2-Ni/PVA/activated areca fiber composites. TiO2-Ni/activated areca fiber was composited with PVA at mass ratios of 1, 2, and 3 and then tested in a tetracycline solution for 5 hours. Kinetic data were analyzed using first-order, second-order, pseudo-first-order, and pseudo-second-order models. The results showed that increasing PVA mass enhanced the adsorption percentage, with the highest value observed at 3 grams of PVA, reaching 12.60% after 5 hours of contact. The kinetic pattern of TiO2-Ni/PVA/activated areca fiber composites with 1 and 2 grams of PVA followed the pseudo-first-order adsorption model. In contrast, the composite with 3 grams of PVA tended to follow the first-order adsorption model.
Evaluasi Water Sustainability Index Pada Sistem Penyediaan Air Bersih Berbasis Masyarakat di Mata Air Lerak, Kota Semarang
The need for water continues to rise with population growth, while environmental degradation threatens its availability. In Semarang City, nearly half of the springs show declining discharge. Lerak Spring, still used directly by the community, faces pressure from settlement expansion and weak management. This study aimed to evaluate the sustainability of the community-based clean water supply system at Lerak Spring using the Water Sustainability Index (WSI) within the Sustainability Assessment Framework for Community Water Systems (SAFE-Comm). Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation combined with indicator scoring. The results show a score of 2.59, categorized as good, indicating that the system meets community needs to a degree but still requires further improvement.
Pengolahan Air Sumur Menggunakan Limbah Cangkang Telur Ayam Sebagai Biokoagulan Dalam Penurunan Logam Besi (Fe) dan Kekeruhan
Clean water is essential for human life; however, its distribution in Kubu Raya Regency remains limited, prompting residents to rely on dug wells as their primary water source. In the Hosana Fhileo residential area, groundwater quality exceeds permissible limits, with iron (Fe) concentration at 14.41 mg/L and turbidity at 288 NTU, surpassing the standards set by the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2023. Concurrently, the abundance of eggshell waste offers potential for its use as a natural coagulant due to its calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) content. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of eggshell powder as a coagulant in reducing iron concentration and turbidity in groundwater, and to compare it with the chemical coagulant Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC). Laboratory-scale jar tests were conducted in two stages: the first used eggshell powder at 30, 50, and 70 g/L, while the second used PAC at 60, 70, and 80 g/L. Results showed that a 70 g/L dose of eggshell powder reduced iron concentration by 34.52% to 9.44 mg/L (p = 0.003 < 0.05) and turbidity by 90.61% to 27.05 NTU (p = 0.002 < 0.05). In contrast, a 60 g/L PAC dose increased iron levels to 16.32 mg/L (p = 0.002 < 0.05), but reduced turbidity by 84.57% to 44.43 NTU (p = 0.001 < 0.05). These findings indicate that eggshell powder is a promising eco- friendly coagulant. However, its Fe removal efficiency may be improved through process optimization, such as pH adjustment to enhance coagulation performance.
Analisis Risiko Keselamatan Kerja pada Kegiatan Operasional dan Bongkar Muat di Terminal Peti Kemas PT. IPC Dwikora Pontianak
Dwikora Port Pontianak, one of the main ports in Pontianak City, plays a key role in container-handling operations that involve heavy equipment. These activities carry a substantial risk of significant workplace accidents, as reflected in the recorded accident claim data at the Container Terminal of Dwikora Port Pontianak, including incidents such as workers falling from the vessel’s gangway bridge, head trucks colliding with the portal gate, and containers falling due to a malfunctioning spreader on the Rail Mounted Gantry Crane (RMGC). To minimize workplace accidents, a risk analysis was conducted using a combination of Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) to identify hazards and assess risks for each task type, and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) to determine the root causes of accidents. The results indicate that high-risk levels were identified in work activities involving the Quay Container Crane, Jib Crane, Rail Mounted Gantry Crane, Head Truck, Reach Stacker, and Forklift. These risks were further categorized into slipping, tripping, and falling hazards; struck-by and run-over hazards; and equipment or machinery failure. Most of these accident risks are associated with worker behavior and working conditions, equipment failure, and limited operator visibility. The findings serve as the basis for formulating control measures to improve workplace safety and enhance the system's operational stability.
Studi Kehilangan Air pada District Metered Area Plamongan Indah di Wilayah Pelayanan Semarang Timur Perumda Air Minum Tirta Moedal Kota Semarang
Non-Revenue Water (NRW) remains a significant challenge in drinking water supply systems as it affects both technical performance and financial efficiency. In 2024, Perumda Air Minum Tirta Moedal Semarang recorded an NRW level of 44.59%. This study aims to evaluate water losses in the Plamongan Indah District Metered Area (DMA) and to formulate appropriate control strategies. Primary data were obtained through field measurements of flow and pressure and customer meter accuracy tests, while secondary data included network maps, distribution volumes, and consumption records. The analysis was conducted by preparing a water balance using WB-EasyCalc and evaluating leakage performance through the Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI). The results show that water losses in the Plamongan Indah DMA amounted to 47.53%, or 275,850 m³ per year. These losses consist of 43.19% physical losses (250,693 m³) and 4.33% apparent losses (25,157 m³), with an estimated annual financial impact of IDR 1.603.791.900. The ILI value of 16.04 places the DMA in category D according to the International Water Association classification, indicating a very high leakage rate and inefficient resource utilization. Recommended strategies include implementing active leakage control, applying effective pressure management, replacing customer meters older than five years, and reducing illegal connections. These measures are expected to reduce NRW levels significantly and improve the efficiency of water supply management at Perumda Air Minum Tirta Moedal.
Sanitasi di Desa Pariwisata: Tinjauan Kritis Atas Praktik, Tantangan, dan Inovasi di Indonesia
Sanitation is a critical component of tourism sustainability, influencing visitor satisfaction, public health, and destination competitiveness. In Indonesia, a country renowned for its diverse tourist attractions, sanitation management remains a pressing challenge. This review aims to critically analyze existing practices, identify challenges, and explore innovations in sanitation management across Indonesia's tourism destinations. Using a systematic review approach, data from peer-reviewed articles, government reports, and international tourism indices were synthesized to assess the current state of sanitation in Indonesia’s tourism sector. The findings reveal significant disparities in sanitation infrastructure between urban and rural tourist destinations, compounded by insufficient funding, low public awareness, and inconsistent policy implementation. Innovations such as eco-friendly waste management systems and public-private partnerships are emerging but face scalability and adoption barriers. Comparative analysis with neighboring Southeast Asian countries highlights Indonesia’s need for more comprehensive strategies to meet global sanitation standards. This review underscores the vital role of sanitation in enhancing tourist experiences, protecting environmental health, and improving Indonesia's competitiveness in the worldwide tourism market. Policy recommendations include targeted investment in sanitation infrastructure, community-based sanitation programs, and integration of hygiene standards into sustainable tourism strategies. Future research should further explore the intersection of sanitation, health outcomes, and tourism development to inform effective policymaking and destination management.
Prarancangan dan Analisis Finansial Unit Biodigester Tipe Fixed Dome untuk Pengolahan Sampah Organik Pasar Cikurubuk Kota Tasikmalaya
Organic waste is the dominant component of daily market refuse and has substantial potential to be converted into renewable energy. This study analyzes the characteristics of organic waste at Cikurubuk Market in Tasikmalaya and proposes a 335 m³ fixed-dome biodigester as a treatment and energy-recovery solution. The organic waste stream, reaching 3,276.09 kg/day, can generate approximately 61.39 m³ of methane per day. The economic assessment indicates that electricity generation offers the most favorable outcome, yielding Rp 94.9 million annually, with a benefit–cost ratio of 2.27 and a payback period of about 16 years. Environmentally, the biodigester can substantially reduce the amount of organic waste sent to landfills and lower methane emissions from open decomposition, while producing digestate suitable for use as organic fertilizer. These results demonstrate that community-scale biodigesters represent an effective, sustainable, and economically viable option for managing market waste and supplying renewable energy in urban areas.
Analisis Perbedaan Volume Material Antara Metode Truck Count dan Mine Survey pada Kegiatan Penambangan Terbuka (Studi Kasus Pit Lokma PT. Serinding Sumber Makmur, Kalimantan Barat)
PT. Serinding Sumber Makmur (PT. SSM) is a gold mining company operating an open-pit system in Ketapang Regency, West Kalimantan. In practice, discrepancies are often found between material volume calculations using the Truck Count and Mine Survey methods, which can affect production targets and gold recovery levels. This study aims to evaluate the volume differences between the two methods at Pit Lokma of PT. SSM and to identify the contributing factors. The research analyzed ore and overburden volumes for June 2025 using both methods. Results show that the Truck Count method recorded 30,929.47 BCM, while the Mine Survey method measured 33,759.94 BCM. The difference of 2,830.47 BCM resulted in a deviation of 8.38%, exceeding the ASTM tolerance (±2.78%) but still within the company’s internal standard (90% ≤ x ≤ 110%), with a value of 109.15%. Key factors contributing to the deviation include variations in dump truck loads, hauling road conditions during rainfall, material hardness, recording errors, and insufficient survey point density. Recommended improvements include load standardization, regular vessel capacity evaluation, better road maintenance, improved recording accuracy, and denser survey point measurements. These findings highlight the importance of integrating both methods with consistent technical control to enhance volume measurement accuracy and support optimal gold recovery.
Urban Revitalisasi dan Transformasi Perkotaan Kawasan 3T di Kabupaten Jayawijaya: Pendekatan Ekonomi Berkelanjutan Berdasarkan RPJMD Provinsi Papua Pegunungan
This analysis calls for revitalizing urban areas and transforming 3T areas in the Regency of Jayawijaya, with an emphasis on economic, social, and environmental aspects. In survey A, a questionnaire administered to 100 respondents found that public awareness of the importance of revitalization for a growing local economy (average score 6.5) and of improving quality of life (average score 6.5) was high. The resulting recommendations encompass sustainable development infrastructure, including durable roads and bridges that withstand rain; the implementation of agricultural programs in a supportive environment with farmer training; and enhanced public participation in planning through community forums. In addition, the importance of system-efficient drainage (average score: 6.75) and collaboration in protecting the environment were identified as crucial to addressing climate change. Government Regency Jayawijaya and the Papua Mountains Province can create more sustainable and prosperous areas, where synergy among economic, social, and environmental aspects serves as the foundation for achieving sustainable development.
Strategi Mitigasi Dampak Penurunan Kualitas Udara Dari Rencana Kegiatan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi (PLTP) X Di Dataran Tinggi Jawa Barat
The planned development of a Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP) in the West Java Highlands is part of national efforts to accelerate the transition toward renewable energy and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Although geothermal energy is considered a clean energy source, PLTP operations may still have environmental impacts, particularly the degradation of ambient air quality due to non-condensable gas emissions such as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and ammonia (NH₃). This study aims to develop technical–social mitigation strategies using a SWOT-based approach to reduce the risk of H₂S and NH₃ exposure in residential areas within a 1-km radius of the proposed PLTP operational site. A mixed-methods approach was employed, utilizing both primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from respondent perceptions through interviews with stakeholders involved in the PLTP development, while secondary data were collected from documents, journals, and other relevant sources. A SWOT analysis was conducted to assess mitigation strategies, considering internal and external factors influencing air quality management. The findings produced four strategic directions: (1) optimizing emergency gas-leak procedures through SOP updates, integrating real-time emission monitoring via the installation of a Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS), and implementing a Gas Removal System (GRS) with an efficiency of ≥90%; (2) strengthening community capacity through gas-mitigation training and SOP dissemination supported by CSR programs; (3) enhancing early detection of H₂S leaks through the use of accurate monitoring instruments and adjusting monitoring locations based on extreme meteorological conditions; and (4) improving public preparedness through AMDAL disclosure, establishment of village emergency posts, and periodic updates of emergency protocols. This study concludes that for the planned PLTP project in the West Java Highlands, recommended mitigation strategies should focus on a combination of technical, social, and institutional measures, emphasizing preventive monitoring, community engagement, and the adoption of environmentally friendly technologies to support sustainable geothermal development.
Pengelolaan Air Limbah pada Proyek Konstruksi: Tinjauan Sistem Zero Liquid Discharge
Wastewater management in construction projects is a strategic issue in supporting sustainable development. The Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) system has emerged as an innovative solution to eliminate liquid effluents through water recovery and solid utilization. This study employs a literature review approach, covering scientific publications from 2016–2025, to identify the efficiency, technical challenges, and policy implications of ZLD implementation in the construction sector. The findings show that ZLD can recover 85–98% of wastewater, producing water that meets reuse standards for non-potable purposes such as equipment cleaning, concrete curing, and dust suppression. System efficiency is influenced by wastewater characteristics, technological configuration, and energy sources, with specific energy consumption ranging from 5 to 12 kWh/m3. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis indicates that ZLD reduces water pollution by up to 95%, but may increase carbon emissions by around 20% if low-carbon energy is not used. Strategically, ZLD integration requires supportive green policies, sustainable financing, and the adoption of circular-economy principles to accelerate the transition to green construction.
Analisis Potensi Hazard Keselamatan Kerja pada Kelompok Mamalam di PT. Antam Tbk. UBPB Kalimantan Barat
The agricultural sector is a major foundation of Indonesia's economy, employing 35.9 million people in 2022. However, this work has high risks that can lead to workplace accidents. This study aims to identify potential hazards and occupational safety risks faced by farmers. Using a descriptive quantitative cross-sectional approach, the study involved 52 farmers from the Mamalam Group of PT. Antam Tbk. UBPB West Kalimantan, from a total population of 211 workers. The research was conducted in June–July 2025. The results showed that throughout the work process, from land preparation to harvesting, farmers are exposed to various types of hazards: physical, ergonomic, chemical, biological, and psychosocial. Although some farmers have used Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), inconsistencies in its use remain. These findings indicate a need to improve the implementation of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) procedures. Therefore, it is concluded that adherence to PPE use, attention to OSH signs, and increased awareness of potential hazards are crucial for minimizing the risk of workplace accidents. These efforts are essential for protecting workers from both physical and financial harm.
Prediksi Pemenuhan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Publik Singkawang Kota Berbasis Demografi dan GIS
Singkawang City is one of the cities frequently visited by domestic tourists in West Kalimantan Province. The need for space for built-up land and urban infrastructure continues to increase along with population growth. This phenomenon will reduce urban vegetation area, thereby allowing urban emissions to continue to grow. For this reason, developing green open spaces as a bioengineering technique and creating relatively cheaper, healthier, safer, and more comfortable biofilters are necessary. The purpose of this study is to analyze the need for public green open spaces based on area and population using the overlay method, and to digitize the distribution map of existing green open spaces in Singkawang City. Based on the results and discussions in this study, it can be concluded that the area of public green open space needed in Singkawang City is 791.12 Ha, and the City still lacks 476.98 Ha of public green open space. Meanwhile, the need for public green open space per capita in West Singkawang District from 2025 to 2035 has been met by an existing public green open space area of 175.6 Ha. In Central Singkawang District, from 2025 to 2028, there was an existing public green open space of 159.69 Ha, but from 2029 to 2035, there was a shortage of public green open space of 15.09 Ha
Evaluasi Unit Instalasi Pengolahan Air (IPA) Miniplant Dago Pakar Perumda Tirtawening Kota Bandung
Established in 1986, the Dago Pakar Miniplant is a compact Water Treatment Plant (WTP) operated by Perumda Tirtawening, the municipal water utility of Bandung City, with raw water intake from Pakar Pond and a designed production capacity of 50 liters per second. This study assesses the adequacy of water quantity, the continuity of supply, the quality of both raw and treated water, and the operational performance of the treatment units at the Dago Pakar Miniplant IPA. The findings indicate that the plant currently supplies only 13.7 liters/person/day, which is far below the minimum basic drinking water requirement of 60 liters/person/day stipulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia Number 71 of 2016. Regarding service continuity, the system is currently operating for 21.91 hours per day, so it has not yet achieved the expected continuous 24-hour operation. Laboratory analysis of raw water shows that 15 parameters, color, BOD₅, COD, DO, nitrite, ammonia, fluoride, free chlorine, iron, manganese, zinc, total detergent, phenol, fecal coliform, and coliform, do not comply with the quality standards specified in Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021. For production (treated) water, three parameters, namely iron, manganese, and residual chlorine, also fail to meet the drinking water quality requirements set out in the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2023. These deviations from standard are closely related to several installation units whose condition and configuration are no longer aligned with the original design criteria, ultimately undermining Miniplant Dago Pakar's ability to consistently meet the prescribed standards for water quality, quantity, and continuity.
Identifikasi Kandungan Organik Dan Logam Berat Sekitar Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Dan Area Bekas Tambang Emas di Sub Das Seminis
Water quality is a key factor in maintaining ecosystem balance, public health, and the sustainability of the agricultural and industrial sectors. In Sambas District, particularly in the Seminis Sub-watershed, water quality degradation has become a crucial issue, driven by illegal gold mining and the expansion of oil palm plantations, which generate hazardous waste, including mercury, as well as industrial wastewater. This study aims to identify water quality characteristics in the Seminis sub-watershed and analyze the influence of various pollutant sources, particularly from illegal gold mining and oil palm plantations. The research method included surface water sampling at four representative points representing variation in pollutant sources: former mining land, the palm oil mill WWTP outlet, the plantation area, and the settlement. Physical (TSS), chemical (pH, BOD, COD, total nitrogen), and heavy metal (mercury) parameters were analyzed in accordance with national standards and government regulations. The results showed that most water quality parameters remained below the class II quality standards, except for BOD and COD at several points, which exceeded the thresholds due to organic pollutant loads from industrial and agricultural waste.