Rancang Bangun Sistem Pemantau dan Kendali Suhu Pada Model Alat Pirolisis Plastik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26418/pf.v6i1.23595Abstract
Pada penelitian ini telah dikembangkan sistem akuisisi data dan kendali otomatis untuk memantau dan mengendalikan suhu pada model alat pirolisis plastik yang dirancang beroperasi pada suhu 400-500 °C. Sistem tersebut dikendalikan oleh sebuah pengendali mikro yang membaca sinyal dari beberapa termokopel yang dipasang pada beberapa bagian alat pirolisis, mengolah sinyal tersebut untuk memperoleh data suhu, menampilkan data suhu ke perangkat LCD, dan menyimpan data tersebut ke dalam SD card, serta mengendalikan pemanas berdasarkan data suhu tersebut. Suhu target pemanasan ditentukan menggunakan potensiometer, sedangkan proses penyimpanan data dikendalikan menggunakan push button. Pemanasan ruang pirolisis dilakukan menggunakan pemanas listrik, dan suhu dikendalikan menggunakan relay yang menyalakan pemanas jika suhu ruangan pemanas di bawah suhu target dan mematikan pemanas jika suhu ruangan pemanas di atas suhu target. Pembacaan suhu dari termokopel dikalibrasi dengan membandingkan nilainya dengan nilai yang diperoleh dari alat ukur suhu komersial. Uji pengukuran suhu menggunakan beberapa termokopel secara serentak menunjukkan bahwa pembacaan suhu cukup konsisten. Pada suhu 450 °C, variasi nilai suhu di bawah 10 °C. Pengujian sistem secara keseluruhan menunjukkan bahwa sistem sudah dapat memantau dan mengendalikan suhu ruang pirolisis dengan baik. Pemantauan suhu pada beberapa bagian ruang pirolisis menunjukkan distribusi suhu yang tidak merata, sehingga diperlukan perhatian khusus dalam perancangan sistem pemanas agar suhu ruangan pemanas lebih merata. Uji pengendalian suhu pada berbagai kondisi menunjukkan bahwa sistem sudah dapat mengendalikan suhu mendekati suhu target. Penyimpangan suhu nyata terhadap suhu target tergantung pada kecepatan pemanasan dan respon transien termokopel.
Kata kunci: pemantau dan pengendali suhu, akuisisi data, kendali otomatis, pengendali mikro, sensor suhu, pirolisis plastik
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Date: 24-05-2023
Prisma Fisika
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