Studi Aliran Air dalam Pipa Penstock pada Sistem Mikrohidro dengan Pendekatan Computational Fluid Dynamics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26418/pf.v10i3.58113Abstract
Kinerja dari penstock harus ditingkatkan untuk mendapatkan hasil energi listrik yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun simulasi aliran air dalam pipa penstock dengan variasi diameter dan ketinggian head menggunakan pendekatan (Computational Fluid Dynamics) CFD menggunakan perangkat lunak open source OpenFOAM dengan menerapkan model RANS k-Omega dan menerapkan metode volume hingga dalam menyelesaikan persamaan Navier-Stokes untuk model aliran dan menganalisis pengaruh dari diameter dan ketinggian head terhadap potensi hidrolik dan daya listrik yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membangun tiga puluh simulasi aliran pada pipa penstock dengan menggunakan lima variasi ketinggian 0,5 m, 1,5 m, 2,5 m, 3,5 m, dan 4,5 m dan enam variasi diameter penstock 0,114 m, 0,140 m, 0,165 m, 0,216 m, 0,267 m dan 0,318 m. Profil kecepatan hasil simulasi aliran turbulen di dalam penstock divalidasikan terhadap profil kecepatan analitik power-Law. Hasil simulasi memperlihatkan kemiripan pada pola kurva dengan solusi analitik, dengan korelasi terbaik R = 0,9992 dan nilai RMSE 0,1117. Hasil dari analisis diameter dan ketinggian penstock mempengaruhi perubahan kecepatan aliran, potensi hidrolik dan perubahan daya listrik yang dihasilkan. Semakin tinggi ukuran ketinggian dan semakin besar ukuran diameter penstock yang digunakan, semakin cepat pula aliran kecepatan air yang mengalir dalam penstock dan menghasilkan potensi hidrolik dan potensi daya listrik yang paling besar. Penelitian ini juga memperlihatkan bahwa pendekatan CFD dapat digunakan agar lebih mudah dalam mendesain penstock pada mikrohidro yang sebenarnya dan juga dapat menghemat biaya.
Kata Kunci : Mikrohidro, Penstock, CFD, OpenFOAM, RANS k-Omega.
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Date: 24-05-2023
Prisma Fisika
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