Role of Dimensionality on Quantum Atkinson Engine Performance Based on the Potential Well Using Two Lowest Energy Levels under Equal Heat Leakage in Hot and Cold Reservoirs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26418/positron.v16i1.105349Keywords:
dimension, efficiency, heat leakage, potential well, power output, quantum Atkinson engineAbstract
This study theoretically investigates the influence of system dimensionality (1D, 2D, 3D) on the performance of a quantum Atkinson engine, a cycle consisting of two isentropic, one isochoric, and one isobaric stroke. This engine is modeled as a quantum analog of the classical ideal gas in a piston-cylinder, where the working fluid is a spinless particle confined in a one-, two-, or three-dimensional potential well, utilizing its two lowest energy states. In the absence of heat leakage, a fundamental decoupling is observed, as the compression ratio increases, thermal efficiency shows negligible variation across different dimensions, yet power output scales linearly with dimension. Under heat leakage, the lower-dimensional system is more efficient at low leakage, but proven to be more thermodynamically fragile, as its efficiency and reversibility degrade most rapidly as the leakage increases. A lower-dimensional system also consistently yields lower power output for a certain efficiency. This highlights a core nano-engine design consideration, balancing the high-power output of multi-dimensional systems against the thermal instability of lower dimensions.References
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