Analisis Karakteristik Kekeringan DAS Kapuas Kalimantan Barat Berdasarkan Luaran Global Climate Model

Authors

  • Andi Ihwan Program Studi Klimatologi Terapan, Departemen Geofisika dan Meteorologi, FMIPA IPB.
  • Hidayat Pawitan Departemen Geofisika dan Meteorologi, FMIPA IPB
  • Rahmat Hidayat Departemen Geofisika dan Meteorologi, FMIPA IPB
  • Arnida Lailatul Latifah Laboratorium HPC (High-Performance Computing) LIPI, Cibinong
  • Muh. Taufik Departemen Geofisika dan Meteorologi, FMIPA IPB

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26418/positron.v9i2.35072

Keywords:

el-niño, iklim ekstrim, kekeringan meteorologis, kekeringan hidrologis, MIROC5

Abstract

Daerah aliran sungai (DAS) Kapuas, walaupun berada di wilayah benua maritim Indonesia dengan curah hujan yang tinggi sepanjang tahun, namun sering mengalami kebakaran lahan dan hutan. Bencana kebakaran lahan dan hutan tersebut merupakan dampak dari kekeringan yang berkepanjangan. Informasi tentang karakteristik kekeringan di wilayah DAS Kapuas masih kurang diungkap terutama terkait dengan penggunaan data iklim global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik kekeringan meteorologis dan kekeringan hidrologis DAS Kapuas. Analisis kekeringan meteorologis digunakan pendekatan Standardize Precipitation Index (SPI) dan kekeringan hidrologis digunakan Standarized Runoff Index (SRI). Data curah hujan dan runoff dari Global Climate Model (GCM) yang telah di-downscaling menjadi 20 km x 20 km digunakan sebagai input data. Berdasarkan indeks kekeringan skala satu bulanan selama 30 tahun (1981-2010), diperoleh bahwa DAS Kapuas telah mengalami kekeringan meteorologis sebanyak 45 kali dan 48 kali kekeringan hidrologis dengan kategori moderat kering sampai dengan ekstrim kering. Luas wilayah yang mengalami kekeringan meteorologis maksimum terjadi pada tahun 1986 yakni 11,01% dari total wilayah DAS, kekeringan hidrologis maksimum terjadi pada tahun 1991 yakni 13,9% dari total wilayah DAS. Durasi kejadian kedua jenis kekeringan tersebut dominan berdurasi satu bulan. Luas wilayah kekeringan, tingkat keparahan, frekuensi, dan durasi kekeringan cenderung meningkat saat kejadian El-Niño. Hasil analisis karakteristik kekeringan menunjukkan bahwa data GCM dapat digunakan untuk analisis kekeringan di DAS Kapuas.

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Published

2019-12-02

Issue

Vol. 9 No. 2 (2019): November Edition

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Articles

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