Sirkulasi Laut dan Biogeokimia di Kawasan Teluk Cendrawasih
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26418/positron.v11i2.46780Keywords:
Teluk Cendrawasih, Arus Pantai Papua, INDESO, variabilitas, ENSOAbstract
Teluk Cendrawasih (TC) merupakan salah satu teluk terbesar di Indonesia dan merupakan teluk semi tertutup yang memiliki biodiversitas hayati laut tinggi. Lokasi TC yang berada dekat ekuator dan berhadapan dengan Ekuator Samudera Pasifik bagian barat diduga memiliki dinamika dan variabilitas laut yang unik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pola sirkulasi laut, variabilitas arus, biogeokimia serta pengaruh fenomena El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) di kawasan TC. Dataset deret-waktu yang digunakan adalah keluaran model sirkulasi laut dari Infrastructure Development of Space Oceanography (INDESO) dari tahun 2008-2015. Hasil penelitian terungkap bahwa pola sirkulasi arus permukaan di luar teluk dicirikan dengan pembalikan arah arus dua kali dalam setahun yang sejalan dengan pembalikan angin muson, sedangkan di dalam TC arus permukaan cenderung selalu mengalir keluar teluk. Sirkulasi di kedalaman 110 m dicirikan dengan dominasi Arus Pantai Papua (APP) yang bergerak secara permanen sepanjang tahun menuju barat laut dan terlihat terbentuk pusaran arus (eddy) pada musim timur. Arus muson terlihat sampai kedalaman 50 m, sedangkan APP berada pada kolom dari 50 m sampai 200 m (di Selat Biak) dan sampai 1000 m (di sisi Pasifik) dengan kecepatan maksimum 0,75 m/s. Rerata dan simpangan baku dari volume transpor APP adalah -25,25 ( ±11,1) Sv, sedangkan di Selat Biak -0,8756 ( ±0,5) Sv. Variabilitas dari transpor APP didominasi periodisitas tahunan. Rerata volume transpor di pintu masuk barat TC adalah 0,03 ( ±0,1096) Sv dimana variabilitasnya pada periode intra musiman. Variabilitas beberapa parameter biogeokimia di TC dan Pasifik didominasi periodisitas antar tahunan, tahunan dan intra musiman. Variasi antar tahunan dari parameter tersebut berkoherensi kuat dengan suhu permukaan laut di kawasan ekuator Pasifik, sebagai wilayah ENSO.
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