Identifikasi Efek Tapak Lokal Menggunakan Data Mikrotremor di Kelurahan Jempong Baru, Kota Mataram

Authors

  • Ilham Ilham Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram
  • Muhammad Kafrawi Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26418/positron.v14i2.69497

Keywords:

Efek tapak lokal, HVSR, Jempong Baru, Kerentanan seismik, Mikrotremor

Abstract

Gempa Lombok tahun 2018 merupakan salah satu peristiwa gempa bumi yang merusak di Indonesia. Gempa tersebut menimbulkan banyak kerugian baik korban jiwa maupun kerusakan infrastruktur dan bangunan. Kerusakan struktur tanah dan bangunan akibat gempa bumi akan berbeda antara satu tempat dengan tempat lainnya, bahkan terkadang tidak sesuai seperti yang diperkirakan. Salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhinya adalah efek tapak lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi efek tapak lokal di Kelurahan Jempong Baru, Kota Mataram sebagai upaya mitigasi bencana guna mengurangi tingkat kerusakan yang terjadi akibat bencana gempa bumi. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, pengukuran mikrotremor single station telah dilakukan di 26 titik dengan rata-rata spasi antar titik ±500 m. Dengan menggunakan software Geopsy, data mikrotremor telah diolah menggunakan metode Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) untuk mendapatkan frekuensi natural (f0) dan faktor amplifikasi maksimum (A0). Indeks kerentanan seismik tanah (Kg) juga telah dihitung berdasarkan nilai f0 dan A0 yang telah diperoleh. Tanah di Kelurahan Jempong Baru memiliki frekuensi natural antara 0,56 "“ 1,04 Hz dan faktor amplifikasi maksimum antara 5 "“ 15,5. Hal ini mengindikasikan adanya lapisan sedimen yang berbulir lepas, seperti loose sand, tufa, aliran lahar dan sebagainya yang sangat tebal. Indeks kerentanan seismik tanah berkisar antara 20 "“ 380 dengan nilai yang tinggi berada di bagian Timur ke arah Selatan. Kg di daerah ini tergolong sangat tinggi, sehingga potensi kerusakan akibat gempa bumi sangat tinggi. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu pertimbangan dalam pembuatan rencana tata ruang dan basic engineering design dengan penambahan survey lain yang lebih tinggi resolusinya.  Hal ini menjadi sangat penting mengingat wilayah Kelurahan Jempong Baru direncanakan menjadi tempat relokasi kantor Walikota Kota Mataram.

References

Search Earthquake Catalog, https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/search/ (accessed Jun. 12, 2023).

Ini Data Lengkap Kerusakan Gempa Lombok Versi BNPB, https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1515374/antisipasi-korban-bmkg-berbagi-mitigasi-bencana-di-kawasan-selatan-jawa (accessed Feb. 18, 2023).

Setyogroho, B. , Muslim, D. , Sadewo, M. S. , Muslim, G. O. , Burhanuddin, S. , and Hendarmawan, H. , Correlation between Building Damages and Losses with the Microzonation Map of Mataram—Case Study: Lombok Earthquake 2018, Indonesia, Sustainability, 14(4), pp.1–14, 2022.

Bappenas, Preliminary Damage and Loss Assessment: Yogyakarta and Central Java Natural Disaster, Bappenas, 2006.

Perdhana, R. and Nurcahya, B. E., Seismic microzonation based on microseismic data and damage distribution of 2006 Yogyakarta Earthquake, E3S Web of Conferences, Tristan, A.C., Sumantyo, J.T.S., Haryono, E., Putri, R.F., Hizbaro, D.R., and Wulanmei (ed(s).), pp. 1-4, 2019.

Theodoulidis, N. , Cultrera, G. , Rubeis, V. De , Cara, F. , Panou, A. , Pagani, M. , and Teves-Costa, P. , Correlation between damage distribution and ambient noise H/V spectral ratio: The SESAME project results, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 6(1), pp.109–140, 2008.

Chiaradonna, A. , Karakan, E. , Kincal, C. , Lanzo, G. , Monaco, P. , Sezer, A. , and Karray, M. , Insights on the role of local site effects on damage distribution in the Izmir metropolitan area induced by the October 30, 2020 Samos earthquake, Soils and Foundations, 63(4), pp.1–16, 2023.

Montalva, G. A. , Chvez-Garcia, F. J. , Tassara, A., and Jara Weisser, D. M., Site effects and building damage characterization in Concepción after the Mw 8.8 Maule Earthquake, Earthquake Spectra, 32(3), pp.1469–1488, 2016.

Chávez-Garciá, F. J. , Monsalve-Jaramillo, H. , and Vila-Ortega, J. , Vulnerability and site effects in earthquake disasters in Armenia (Colombia) - Part 2 : Observed damage and vulnerability, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 21(8), pp.2345–2354, 2021.

Parvez, I.A. and Rosset, P., The Role of Microzonation in Estimating Earthquake Risk, Earthquake Hazard, Risk and Disasters, Shroder, John F. and Wyss, Max (ed(s).), Elsevier Inc., pp. 273–308, 2014.

Aristizábal, C. , Bard, P. Y. , Beauval, C. , and Gómez, J. C. , Integration of site effects into probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA): A comparison between two fully probabilistic methods on the euroseistest site, Geosciences (Switzerland), 8(8), pp.1–28, 2018.

Asakereh, A. and Tajabadipour, M. , Analysis of Local Site Effects on Seismic Ground Response Under Various Earthquakes, AUT Journal of Civil Engineerng, 2(2), pp.227–240, 2018.

Sun, C. G. and Kim, H. S. , GIS-based regional assessment of seismic site effects consideringthe spatial uncertainty of site-specific geotechnical characteristicsin coastal and inland urban areas, Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 8(2), pp.1592–1621, 2017.

Abudeif, A. M. , Fat-Helbary, R. E. , Mohammed, M. A. , El-Khashab, H. M. , and Masoud, M. M. , Estimation of the Site Effect Using Microtremor Technique at New Akhmim City, Akhmim, Sohag, Egypt, Russian Geology and Geophysics, 60(2), pp.231–239, 2019.

Ding, J. , Zhou, Y. , Hao, B. , Li, Y. , Zhou, Z. , Wei, L. , Wei, X. , and Song, J. , Analysis on local site characteristics of Longtoushan Townbased on microtremor spectral ratio, Acta Seismologica Sinica, 45(4), pp.717–726, 2023.

Tian, B. , Du, Y. , Jiang, H. , Zhang, R. , and Zhang, J. , Estimating the shear wave velocity structure above the fresh bedrock based on small scale microtremor observation array, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 79(6), pp.2997–3006, 2020.

Kanai, K. , The requisite conditions for the predominant vibration of ground, Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst. Univ. Tokyo, 35(3), pp.457–471, 1957.

Nogoshi, M. and Igarashi, T. , On the amplitude characteristics of microtremor, J. Seismol. Soc. Jpn., 24(1), pp.26–40, 1971.

Nakamura, Y. , Method for Dynamic Characteristics Estimation of Subsurface using Microtremor on the Ground Surface, Quarterly Report of RTRI (Railway Technical Research Institute) (Japan), 30(1), pp.25–33, 1989.

Molnar, S. , Sirohey, A. , Assaf, J. , Bard, P. Y. , Castellaro, S. , Cornou, C. , Cox, B. , Guillier, B. , Hassani, B. , Kawase, H. , Matsushima, S. , Sánchez-Sesma, F. J. , and Yong, A. , A review of the microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (MHVSR) method, Journal of Seismology, 26(4), pp.653–685, 2022.

Ashayeri, I. , Sadr, A. , Biglari, M. , and Haghshenas, E. , Comprehensive ambient noise analyses for seismic microzonation of sarpol-e-zahab after the Mw 7.3 2017 Iran earthquake, Engineering Geology, 272(1), pp.1–20, 2020.

Widita, S. A., Kurniado, M., Girash, M. A., and Irnaka, T. M., Analysis of microzonation seismic vulnerability index around Repaking village, Boyolali, Central Java using HVSR method, in EAGE-HAGI 1st Asia Pacific Meeting on Near Surface Geoscience and Engineering, pp. 1-5, 2018.

Kang, S. Y. , Kim, K. H. , and Kim, B. , Assessment of seismic vulnerability using the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method in Haenam, Korea, Geosciences Journal, 25(1), pp.71–81, 2021.

Wang, Z. , Seth Carpenter, N. , and Woolery, E. W. , Horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio of S-waves and SH-wave transfer functions at the vertical seismic and strong-motion arrays in the Central United States, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 162(1), pp.64–71, 2019.

Meidji, I. U., Kajian Karakteristik Dinamika Tanah Terhadap Resiko Kerawanan Seismik Dan Dampaknya Terkait Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Di Kota Mataram Bagian Timur, Tesis, Jurusan Fisika, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2014.

Marjiyono , Konfigurasi Cekungan Kuarter Wilayah Kota Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat berdasarkan Data Mikrotremor, Jurnal Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral, 17(1), pp.51–60, 2016.

Marjiyono, M. , Potensi Penguatan Gelombang Gempabumi oleh Sedimen Permukaan Kota Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Jurnal Lingkungan dan Bencana Geologi, 7(3), pp.135–144, 2016.

SESAME , Guidelines for The Implementation of The H/V Spectral Ratio Technique on Ambient Vibrations-Measurements, Processing and Interpretations, SESAME European Research Project, SESAME: Site EffectS assessment using Ambient Excitations, 2004.

Pemkot Mataram Lobi Pusat Bangun Kantor Baru Wali Kota di Lingkar Selatan, https://lombokpost.jawapos.com/metropolis/10/01/2022/pemkot-mataram-lobi-pusat-bangun-kantor-baru-wali-kota-di-lingkar-selatan/ (accessed Jul. 22, 2023).

Mangga, S.A., Atmawinata, S., Hermanto, B., Setyogroho, B., and Amin, T.C. Peta Geologi Lembar Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi, 1994.

Wathelet, M. , Chatelain, J. L. , Cornou, C. , Giulio, G. Di , Guillier, B. , Ohrnberger, M. , and Savvaidis, A. , Geopsy: A user-friendly open-source tool set for ambient vibration processing, Seismological Research Letters, 91(3), pp.1878–1889, 2020.

Konno, K. and Ohmachi, T. , Ground-motion characteristics estimated from spectral ratio between horizontal and vertical components of microtremor, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 88(1), pp.228–241, 1998.

Albarello, D. and Lunedei, E. , Combining horizontal ambient vibration components for H/V spectral ratio estimates, Geophysical Journal International, 194(2), pp.936 – 951, 2013.

Anthiraikili, J. B. and Das, H. H. , Site classification and correlation study of HVSR curve with seismic and aquifer parameters of strong-motion sites in Uttarakhand, India, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14(15), pp.1–13, 2021.

Cox, B. R. , Cheng, T. , Vantassel, J. P. , and Manuel, L. , A statistical representation and frequency-domain window-rejection algorithm for single-station HVSR measurements, Geophysical Journal International, 221(3), pp.2170–2183, 2020.

Chopra, S. , Kumar, V. , Choudhury, P. , and Yadav, R. B. S. , Site classification of Indian strong motion network using response spectra ratios, Journal of Seismology, 22(2), pp.419–438, 2018.

Wang, P. . Predictability and Repeatability of Non-Ergodic Site Response for Diverse Geological Conditions, PhD dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, University of California, 2020.

Nakamura, Y., On the H/V Spectrum, in The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, pp. 1-10, 2008.

Kyaw, Z. L., Analysis of Ground Motion Based on H/V Ratio from Microtremor Characteristics and Bore-Holes Data in the Eastern Part of Yogyakarta City, Indonesia, PhD dissertation, Department of Geological Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2015.

Ilham , Prabowo, U. N. , and Sismanto , Mapping the Potential Liquefaction Area in Yogyakarta City Based on Ground Shear Strain Data, Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya, 17(3), pp.74–78, 2021.

Capizzi, P. and Martorana, R. , Analysis of HVSR Data Using a Modified Centroid-Based Algorithm for Near-Surface Geological Reconstruction, Geosciences (Switzerland), 12(4), pp.1–14, 2022.

Purnama, A. Y. , Nurcahya, B. E. , Nurhanafi, K. , and Perdhana, R. , Mikrozonasi Berdasarkan Data Mikrotremor dan Kecepatan Gelombang Geser di Kotamadya Yogyakarta, POSITRON, 11(2), pp.86–94, 2021.

Chatzis, N. , Papazachos, C. , Theodoulidis, N. , Hatzidimitriou, P. , Vougioukalakis, G. , Paulatto, M. , Heath, B. , Hooft, E. , Toomey, D. , Anthymidis, M. , and Ventouzi, C. , A compilation of microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HVSRs) and borehole shear-wave velocities of unconsolidated sediments in south-central Ontario, Geological Survey of Canada, 2020.

Mihaylov, D. , Naggar, M. H. El , and Dineva, S. , Separation of high- and low-level ambient noise for HVSR: Application in city conditions for Greater Toronto area, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 106(5), pp.2177–2184, 2016.

Arifin, S. S. , Mulyatno, B. S. , Marjiyono , and Setianegara, R. , Penentuan Zona Rawan Guncangan Bencana Gempabumi Berdasarkan Analisis Nilai Amplifikasi HVSR Mikrotremor dan Analisis Periode Dominan Daerah Liwa dan Sekitarnya, Jurnal Geofisika Eksplorasi, 2(1), pp.32–40, 2013.

Continuing Study of The Horizontal-To-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) Passive Seismic Method For Determining Quaternary Sediment Thickness In Minnesota, https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2015NC/webprogram/Paper255391.html (accessed Jun. 18, 2023).

Biswas, R. , Baruah, S. , and Bora, D. K. , Mapping Sediment Thickness in Shillong City of Northeast India through Empirical Relationship, Journal of Earthquakes, 2015(2), pp.1–8, 2015.

Anbazhagan, P. , Janarthana Boobalan, A. , and Shaivan, H. S. , Establishing empirical correlation between sediment thickness and resonant frequency using HVSR for the Indo-Gangetic Plain, Current Science, 117(9), pp.1482– 1491, 2019.

Anthiraikili, J. B. , Establishing empirical equation for resonant frequency vs sediment thickness using Nakamura or H/V ratio method in Indo-Gangetic Plain, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 13(6), pp.1–15, 2020.

Gosar, A. , RoÅ¡er, J. , Motnikar, B. Å . , and ZupanÄiÄ, P. , Microtremor Study of Site Effects and Soil-Structure Resonance in the City of Ljubljana (Central Slovenia), Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 8(3), pp.571–592, 2010.

Dal Moro, G., HVSR, Amplifications and ESAC: Some Clarifications, Efficient Joint Analysis of Surface Waves and Introduction to Vibration Analysis: Beyond the Clichés. , Springer, pp. 73–112, 2020.

Kawase, H. , Nagashima, F. , Nakano, K. , and Mori, Y. , Direct evaluation of S-wave amplification factors from microtremor H/V ratios: Double empirical corrections to “Nakamura†method, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 126(1), pp.1–14, 2019.

Kassaras, I., Kalantoni, D., Kouskouna, V., Pomonis, A., Michalaki, K., Stoumpos, P., Mourloukos, S., Birmpilopoulos, S., and Makropoulos, K., Correlation Between Damage Distribution And Soil Characteristics Deduced From Ambient Vibrations In The Old Town Of Lefkada (W. Greece), in Second European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (2ECEES), pp. 1-12, 2014.

Alzahrani, M. , Abdelrahman, K. , Alfaifi, A. , Al-Otaibi, N. , and Aljaber, A. , Site effect estimation for shallow engineering bedrock using microtremor HVSR method and geotechnical borehole data, Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia, Journal of King Saud University - Science, 34(8), pp.1–9, 2022.

Towhata, I., Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Springer inc, pp. 60 - 83, 2008.

Parolai, S. , Bormann, P. , and Milkereit, C. , Assessment of the natural frequency of the sedimentary cover in the cologne area (Germany) using noise measurements, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 5(4), pp.541–564, 2001.

Akkaya, İ. , Availability of seismic vulnerability index (Kg) in the assessment of building damage in Van, Eastern Turkey, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 19(1), pp.189–204, 2020.

Nakamura, Y., Seismic Vulnerability Indices For Ground and Structures Using Microtremor, in World Congress on Railway Research, pp. 1-7, 1997

Downloads

Published

2024-11-30

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024): Vol. 14 No. 2 Edition

Section

Articles

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.