PRA RANCANGAN PABRIK BIO OIL DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS) DENGAN PROSES PIROLISIS CEPAT BERKAPASITAS 120.000 TON/TAHUN
Keywords:
bio oil, pyrolysis, empty fruit bunchAbstract
Bio oil sebagai produk industri energi dapat menjadi alternatif dalam memenuhi kebutuhan energi di Indonesia. Pabrik bio oil kapasitas 120.000 ton/tahun direncanakan beroperasi selama 24 jam per hari dan 330 hari per tahun dengan proses pirolisis cepat tanpa menggunakan oksigen dan menggunakan gas nitrogen sebagai gas fluidisasi dalam reaktor fluidized bed pada suhu 500℃ dan tekanan 1 atm. Bahan baku yang dibutuhkan adalah tandan kosong kelapa sawit sebanyak 25.188,86 kg/jam. Produk samping yang dihasilkan adalah bio char sebanyak 3.091,66 kg/jam dan syngas yang tak terkondensasi sebanyak 7.107,07 kg/jam. Pabrik direncanakan didirikan di Desa Sebemban Kecamatan Tayan Hilir, Kabupaten Sanggau, Kalimantan Barat dengan jumlah karyawan sebanyak 164 orang. Evaluasi ekonomi menunjukkan bahwa pabrik ini membutuhkan biaya investasi total sebesar Rp. 933.700.951.086 dengan arus kas setelah pajak sebesar Rp. 497.131.337.771/tahun. Analisis profitabilitas menghasilkan Return on Investment sebesar 62,01%, Pay Out Time selama 1,36 tahun, Profit on Sales sebesar 36,57%, Discounted Cash Flow Rate of Return sebesar 47,2%, Net Present Worth sebesar Rp. 8.006.789, dan Break-Even Point sebesar 24,25%. Berdasarkan data-data tersebut maka disimpulkan bahwa Pabrik Bio oil dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Berkapasitas 120.000 Ton/Tahun layak didirikan.
References
Abdullah, N. dan H. Gerhauser. 2008. Bio-Oil Derived from Empty Fruit Bunches. Fuel. 87: 2606-2613.
Asosiasi Produsen Biofuel Indonesia. 2020. Data Produksi dan Distribusi Biodiesel Hasil Rekonsilitasi EBTKE. (https://aprobi.or.id/project/). Diakses Tanggal 30 Desember 2020.
Badan Pusat Statistik. 2020. Export dan Import. (https://www.bps.go.id/exim/). Diakses Tanggal 30 Desember 2020.
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Sanggau. 2021. Kepadatan Penduduk Kabupaten Sanggau.
Bridgewater, A. V. 2012. Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading. Aston University Bioenergy Research Group, Aston Triangle, Birmingham
Brown, George Grange. 1978. Unit Operation. Edisi 3. McGraw Hill International Book Company. New York.
Brownell, L. E. and Young, E. H. 1959. “Process Equipment Designâ€. John Wiley and Sons Inc. New York.
Chang, S.H. 2018. Bio-Oil Derived from Empty Fruit Bunches: Fast Pyrolysis, Liquefaction and Future Prospects. Biomass and Bioenergy. 119: 263-276.
Coulson, J.M., J.F. Richardson, J.R. Buckhurst, dan J.H. Harker. 1999.
Coulson and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering. Volume 1 Sixth Edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Coulson, J. M. and Richardson, J. F. 2005. Introduction to Chemical Engineering Design. Vol 6 Edisi 4. Pergamon International Library. New York.
Couper, J.R., W.R. Penney, J.R. Fair, dan S.M. Walas. 2012. Chemical Process Equipment Selection and Design. Third Edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Diffen. Diesel vs. Petrol. 2021. (https://diffen.com/difference/Diesel_vs_Petrol/). Diakses Tanggal 22 Juli 2021.
Dirjen Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. 2016. Indonesian Palm Oil Association (GAPKI). (https://www.indonesia-komoditas minyak sawit.com). Diakses pada tanggal 12 Maret 2021.
Fanchi, J.R. dan R.L. Christiansen. 2017. Introduction to Petroleum Engineering. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ferreira, M.F.P., B.F.H. Oliveira, W.B.S. Pinheiro, N.F. Correa, L.F. Franca, dan N.F.P. Ribeiro. 2020. Generation of Biofuels by Slow Pyrolysis of Palm Empty Fruit Bunches: Optimization of Process Variables and Characterization of Physical-Chemical Products. Biomass and Bioenergy. 140: 1-10.
Geankoplis, Christie. J. 1993. Transport Processes and Unit Operation. Edisi 3. Allyn and Bacon Inc.
Ghasem, N. dan R. Henda. 2015. Principles of Chemical Engineering Processes: Material and Energy Balances, Second Edition. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Green, D.W. dan R.H. Perry (Ed.). 2008. Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, Eighth Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Joshi, M.V. 1976. Process Equipment Design. New Delhi: The Macmillan Company of India Limited.
Kern, Donald. Q. 1950. Process Heat Transfer. McGraw Hill International Book Company. New York.
Kunii, Daizo dan Levenspiel, Octave. 1991. Fluidization Engineering. Second Edition. Butterworth - Heinemann. USA
McCabe, W. I. and Smith, J. C. 1985. Unit Operation of Chemical Engineering. Edisi 4. McGraw Hill International Book Company. New York.
Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian. 2019. Buku Outlook Komoditas Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. Jakarta: Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia.
Perry, Robert H. 1999. Perry’s Chemical Engineer’s Handbook. Edition 7. McGraw Hill International Book Company. New York.
Perry, Robert H. 2008. Perry’s Chemical Engineer’s Handbook. Edition 8. McGraw Hill International Book Company. New York.
Shahidi, F (Ed.). 2005. Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products, Sixth Edition. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Singer, J.G. 1991. Combustion Fossil Power: A Reference Book on Fuel Burning and Steam Generation. Windsor: Combustion Engineering, Inc.
Sinnott, R.K. 1999. Coulson and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering, Volume 6 Third Edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Towler, Gavin dan Sinnot, Ray. K. 2007. Chemical Engineering Design. Principles, Practice and Economics of Plant and Process Design. Elsevier Inc. USA
Ulrich, G. D. 1984. A Guide to Chemical Engineering Process Design and Economic. John Willey and Sons. New York.
Walas, Stanley. M. 1990. Chemical Process Equipment. Butterworth Publishers. Los Angeles.
Walas, Stanley. M. 2005. Chemical Process Equipment Selection and Design. Second Edition. Butterworth Publishers. Los Angeles.
Yaws, C.L. 1999. Chemical Properties Handbook: Physical, Thermodynamic, Environmental, Transport, Safety, and Health Related Properties for Organic and Inorganic Chemicals. New York: McGraw-Hill.
