Analisis Pengaruh Jumlah Sudu Turbin Air Tipe Crossflow Terhadap Output PLTMH Skala Laboratorium

Abstract

Hydroelectric power is an option in utilizing renewable energy sources. One of the main components in a hydroelectric power system is the water turbine which has a function to convert potential energy (head) into mechanical energy on the turbine shaft. In this study, the type of water turbine used is the Crossflow type water turbine. The choice of the Crossflow turbine is due to the fact that the turbine has a low head span so it does not require large water pressure to rotate the turbine shaft. The material used to make turbine blades is PVC pipe and steel plate for the turbine housing. In this study, the authors intend to make an energy conversion machine test device using a Crossflow-type water turbine made on a laboratory scale. The method used is an experimental method, in which the research was conducted to determine the effect of the number of turbine blades type Crossflow on rotation the turbine shaft and  effect on the output power of the generator. The number of variations of turbine blades used were 12, 18, and 24 blades with variations in the water surface height of 1.55 m, 175 m, and 195 m. From the experiment, the highest rotation speed of the turbine shaft is 475.4 rpm with 24 blades and 1.95 m head, while the highest output generator power is 1.95 m head at 0.0734 Watt, with a discharge of 0.0002346 m³/second, the turbine-generator efficiency is 0.0185% with a head of 1.55 and a blade of 24.