Rancang Bangun Alat Pengasap Ikan Tipe Kabinet Berbasis Bahan Bakar Biomassa
Keywords:
biomass, coconut husks, coconut shells, oil palm fronds, smoked fishAbstract
Indonesia is an archipelagic country rich in natural resources, including fish as one of its prime commodities. West Kalimantan has significant potential in the fisheries sector, particularly Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), which has high economic value. To maintain the quality of Nile tilapia, which is highly perishable, preservation methods such as smoking are required. This study aims to design a cabinet-type fish smoker using the hot smoking method, analyze the moisture content of the best biomass fuel, and determine fuel consumption to reach a temperature of 70 ºC. The research methods include literature studies, observation, and descriptive analysis. The tool design was carried out using Fusion 360 software. The results showed that the designed cabinet-type fish smoker effectively preserved fish through the smoking method. The smoker reduced the smoking time to 4-7 hours, thereby extending the shelf life of fish by reducing moisture content and killing bacteria. Tests on three types of biomass fuel"”coconut husk, coconut shell, and palm fronds"”yielded varying results despite having the same moisture content of 35%. Coconut husk produced smoked fish with moisture levels of 69.23%, 65.9%, and 55.9%, while coconut shell yielded 73.9%, 64.9%, and 59.3%, and palm fronds produced 82.5%, 79.23%, and 72.6%. Based on the findings, coconut husk proved to be the most effective biomass fuel for the smoking process and complied with SNI standards compared to other fuels. Coconut husk generated less smoke but of higher quality and was easier to ignite.
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