Development of IDF Curve for Pontianak City Based on BRIN Rainfall Data During the 2014–2022 Observation Period
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26418/jts.v25i4.94750Keywords:
Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) curves, extreme rainfall analysis, rainfall frequency distribution, hydrological modeling, urban drainage design.Abstract
This study aims to develop an Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) curve for Pontianak City using short-duration rainfall data recorded at the BRIN automatic weather station from 2014 to 2022. The RAPS consistency test confirmed that the data were statistically valid and suitable for hydrological analysis. Frequency analysis was conducted using several probability distributions, including Normal, Gumbel Type I, Log Pearson Type III, and Log-Normal (2- and 3-parameter), with the Normal distribution selected as the best fit based on goodness-of-fit and chi-square tests. Rainfall intensities were then calculated using the Mononobe method, with a locally calibrated sensitivity parameter m = 0.846. The resulting intensity equations for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 years follow the exponential form I = a⋅t−0.846, where I is the rainfall intensity (mm/hour), t is the duration (minutes), and a is a return period–specific coefficient. The IDF curves demonstrate an inverse relationship between intensity and duration, confirming expected tropical rainfall behavior. These results provide a reliable tool for urban drainage design and flood risk assessment in Pontianak CityReferences
Amatya, D. M., Tian, S., Marion, D. A., Caldwell, P., Laseter, S., Youssef, M. A., ... & Vose, J. M. (2021). Estimates of precipitation IDF curves and design discharges for road-crossing drainage structures: case study in four small forested watersheds in the Southeastern US. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 26(4), 05021004. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0002052
Ariyani, D., Sari, A., Juniati, A. T., & Untarti, A. (2024). Performance Evaluation for Surface Run off to Drainage System Normalization at Campus in Jakarta, Indonesia. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management), 14(2), 364-364. https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.14.2.364
Arnbjerg-Nielsen, K., Willems, P., Olsson, J., Beecham, S., Pathirana, A., Bülow Gregersen, I., ... & Nguyen, V. T. V. (2013). Impacts of climate change on rainfall extremes and urban drainage systems: a review. Water science and technology, 68(1), 16-28. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.251
BMKG. (2022). Data curah hujan Kota Pontianak tahun 2014-2022. Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika.
Gao, Z., Long, D., Tang, G., Zeng, C., Huang, J., & Hong, Y. (2017). Assessing the potential of satellite-based precipitation estimates for flood frequency analysis in ungauged or poorly gauged tributaries of China’s Yangtze River basin. Journal of Hydrology, 550, 478-496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.05.025
Huang, Y. F., Mirzaei, M., & Amin, M. Z. M. (2016). Uncertainty quantification in rainfall intensity duration frequency curves based on historical extreme precipitation quantiles. Procedia Engineering, 154, 426-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.07.425
Kamiana, I Made. 2012. Teknik Perhitungan Debit Rencana Bangunan Air. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.
Kawara, A. Q., & Elsebaie, I. H. (2022). Development of rainfall intensity, duration and frequency relationship on a daily and sub-daily basis (Case Study: yalamlam Area, Saudi Arabia). Water, 14(6), 897. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14060897
Kundwa, M. J. (2019). Development of Rainfall Intensity Duration Frequency (IDF) Curves for Hydraulic Design Aspect. 3(2). https://doi.org/10.23880/JENR-16000162
Martel, J. L., Brissette, F. P., Lucas-Picher, P., Troin, M., & Arsenault, R. (2021). Climate change and rainfall intensity–duration–frequency curves: Overview of science and guidelines for adaptation. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 26(10), 03121001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0002122
Ombadi, M., Nguyen, P., Sorooshian, S., & Hsu, K. L. (2018). Developing intensityâ€durationâ€frequency (IDF) curves from satelliteâ€based precipitation: Methodology and evaluation. Water Resources Research, 54(10), 7752-7766. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR022929
Åžen, Z. (2019). Annual daily maximum rainfall-based IDF curve derivation methodology. Earth Systems and Environment, 3(3), 463-469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-019-00124-x
Shah, S. A., Gabriel, H. F., Saleem, M. W., Ejaz, N., Shang, S., Mao, D., & Rahman, K. U. (2024). Analyzing the role of changing climate on the variability of intensity-duration-frequency curve using wavelet analysis. Water Resources Management, 38(9), 3255-3277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-024-03812-0
Shrestha, A., Babel, M. S., Weesakul, S., & Vojinovic, Z. (2017). Developing Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) curves under climate change uncertainty: the case of Bangkok, Thailand. Water, 9(2), 145. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9020145
Soewarno. (1995). Hidrologi: Aplikasi Metode Statistik untuk Analisa Data. Penerbit Nova.
Triatmodjo, Bambang. (2009). Hidrologi Terapan. Yogyakarta: Beta Offset.
Vanitha, S., & Ravikumar, V. (2017). Construction of Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves for Precipitation with Annual Maxima Data in Kumulur Region. International Journal of Bio-Resource and Stress Management, 8(5), 721–726. https://doi.org/10.23910/IJBSM/2017.8.5.1823
Yan, H., Sun, N., Chen, X., Wigmosta, M. S., & Wigmosta, M. S. (2020). Next-Generation Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves for Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Design: Advances and Opportunities. 2. https://doi.org/10.3389/FRWA.2020.545051
Yan, H., Sun, N., Wigmosta, M. S., Skaggs, R., Hou, Z., & Leung, R. (2018). Next-Generation Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves for Hydrologic Design in Snow-Dominated Environments. Water Resources Research, 54(2), 1093–1108. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021290
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Teknik Sipil
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
