PERUBAHAN RUANG BERBASIS TRADISI RUMAH JAWA PANARAGAN DI DESA KAPONAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26418/lantang.v4i1.20393Abstract
Tatanan spasial (ruang) memperlihatkan hubungan antara arsitektur dan budaya masyarakat setempat. Manusia sebagai makhluk yang berpikir dinamis, memiliki peran besar untuk merubah lingkungan fisik maupun kebudayaan. Tatanan ruang tradisional merupakan warisan leluhur yang harmonis, senantiasa mengalami perubahan untuk beradaptasi dengan modernitas budaya global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis unsur-unsur ruang yang berubah dan (2) menjelaskan faktor-faktor sosial-budaya yang mempengaruhinya, pada objek rumah tinggal tradisional di wilayah kebudayaan Jawa Panaragan. Objek penelitian berupa rumah-rumah berlanggam arsitektur Jawa, yang telah berdiri sejak sebelum era kemerdekaan RI, terletak di wilayah tertua dari permukiman Desa Kaponan. Metodologi penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-rasionalistik dengan analisis deskriptif. Penggalian data melalui observasi langsung terhadap objek yang menjadi kasus penelitian dan wawancara silang dengan informan (narasumber dan keyperson) terkait. Variabel penelitian meliputi organisasi, fungsi, hirarki, orientasi serta teritori ruang sebagai panduan untuk mengamati perubahan ruang dalam 2 (dua) periode waktu. Objek/kasus penelitian dipilih secara sengaja berdasar kriteria meliputi rumah lurah, carik, pamong desa dan tokoh masyarakat yang menjabat pada masa lampau, dilengkapi dengan rumah petani serta buruh tani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa unsur spasial (ruang) yang banyak berubah adalah organisasi dan teritori ruang sebagai konsekuensi dari penambahan jumlah, jenis dan fungsi ruang. Unsur spasial yang sedikit berubah adalah orientasi dan hirarki ruang karena kuatnya faktor kepercayaan leluhur. Faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya perubahan ruang terutama adalah struktur keluarga dan perubahan gaya hidup seiring meningkatnya pengetahuan dan pendidikan.
Kata-kata kunci : perubahan ruang, rumah tradisional, Jawa Panaragan
THE TRADITION BASED ROOM CHANGES IN JAWA PANARAGAN HOUSE OF KAPONAN VILLAGE
Spatial order (space) shows the relationship between the architecture and the culture of local community. As dynamic thinking creature, human has a major role in changing the physical environment or culture. Order of the traditional spaces which is a harmonious ancestral heritage is constantly changing to adapt to the global culture of modernity. This research aimed to (1) identify and analyze the elements of spatial change and (2) explain the socio-cultural factors that affected it, on the object of traditional house in the Panaragan Javanese cultural area. The object of research were traditional Javanese type of home, built before the era of Indonesia independence (1945), located in the oldest settlement of the Kaponan Village. The research methodology used a qualitative"“rationalistic approaches with descriptive analysis. Data mining was conducted through direct observation of objects that became case studies and interviews with related informants and keyperson. Variables of research include organization, function, hierarchy, orientation and territory of spatial (space) as a guide for observing spatial change between two periods of time. Object/case studies were deliberately chosen based on criteria include the house of the village head and officials, teacher and community leaders who served in the past, also added with home of farmers and farmworkers. The results showed that elements of the spatial (space) which was much changed was the organization and territorial spaces as a consequence of the addition of the number, type and function space. The elements of spatial orientation and space hierarchy was less changed, because of the strong ancestral belief and religion. The main factors affecting the occurrence of a spatial change was family structure and lifestyle changes, along with the increasing knowledge and education.
Keywords: change spaces, traditional house, Jawa Panaragan
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