PONDASI RAMAH LINGKUNGAN di TANAH RAWA: KAJIAN KEKUATAN DAN KETAHANAN PONDASI KALANG PADA RUMAH TRADISIONAL BANJAR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26418/lantang.v9i2.50839Keywords:
Pondasi, Kalang, Tihang, Tongkat, SundukAbstract
Pondasi Kalang pada Rumah Tradisional Banjar adalah pondasi yang sudah digunakan selama ratusan tahun di kawasan tanah rawa di Banjarmasin dan sekitarnya, merupakan pondasi yang sudah teruji kekuatan dan ketahanannya selama ratusan tahun. Sebagai suatu jenis pondasi yang sudah teruji oleh waktu, beban dan cuaca, sistem struktur pondasi rumah tradisional Banjar tersebut merupakan obyek struktur yang sangat berharga untuk dikaji lebih mendalam tentang kekuatan, efisiensi dan efektifitasnya. Untuk mengkaji kekuatan dan ketahanannya dilakukan melalui identifikasi pondasi tersebut dari literatur dan survey lapangan, serta perhitungan terhadap beban dan tegangan yang terjadi pada rumah model dibandingkan dengan beban dan tegangan maksimal. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pondasi Kalang terdiri dari elemen Tihang, Tongkat, Sunduk dan Kalang, dimana 3 bahan yang pertama terbuat dari kayu ulin (Eusideroxylon Zwageri) yang tahan terhadap iklim dan cuaca, sedangkan Kalang terbuat dari kayu kapurnaga (Calophyllum Soulattri) atau galam (Melaleuca Leucadendron), namun ditempatkan selalu di bawah air tanah terendah sehingga terhindar dari pelapukan. Tihang dan Tongkat sangat kuat, dimana kuat tekan dan kuat tekuknya jauh melebihi beban yang bekerja padanya. Sunduk memiliki ketahanan dan kekuatan dalam menahan beban yang bekerja padanya, dimana hal ini ditunjukkan oleh tegangan lentur, tegangan geser dan tegangan tumpunya yang cukup jauh di bawah tegangan izinnya. Daya dukung pondasi kalang galam/ kapurnaga lebih besar dari beban yang bekerja padanya, kecuali pada Tihang koordinat 15-W dan 17-W yang melebihi daya dukung dengan selisih yang relatif kecil sebesar 1,06 kg. Karenanya pondasi kalang dapat menghindari penurunan struktur atau badan bangunan.
ECO FRIENDLY FOUNDATIONS IN SWAMP LAND: STUDY OF STRENGTH AND RESISTANCE OF KALANG FOUNDATIONS OF TRADITIONAL BANJAR HOUSES
The Kalang Foundation of the Banjar Traditional House is a foundation that has been used for hundreds of years in the swampy area of Banjarmasin and its surroundings. A foundation that has been tested for strength and durability for hundreds of years. But currently not used anymore. As a type of foundation tested by time, load, and weather, the traditional Banjar house foundation structure system is a valuable structural object to be studied more deeply in its strength, efficiency, and effectiveness. It is done to assess its strength and durability by identifying the foundation from literature and field surveys, as well as calculating the loads and stresses that occur in the model house compared to the maximum load and stress. The analysis results show that the Kalang foundation consists of elements of Tihang, Tongkat, Sunduk, and Kalang, where the first three materials are made from ulin wood (Eusideroxylon Zwageri) which is resistant to climate and weather. In contrast, the Kalang is made of kapurnaga (Calophyllum Soulattri) or galam (Melaleuca Leucadendron) but is always placed under the lowest groundwater so as to avoid weathering. Tihang and Tongkat are very strong, and their compressive and flexural strength far exceeds the load acting on them. Sunduk has resistance and strength to withstand the loads acting on it, which is indicated by the bending stress, shear stress, and bearing stress far below the allowable stress. The bearing capacity of the kalang galam/kapurnaga foundation is greater than the load acting on it, except for Tihang coordinates 15-W and 17-W, which exceeds the bearing capacity by a relatively small difference of 1.06 kg. Because of this, the foundation can prevent the lowering of the structure or body of the building.
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