PERBANDINGAN HUKUM ANTARA UNAMID DENGAN INDONESIA MENGENAI TINDAK PIDANA PENYELUNDUPAN KOMPONEN SENJATA (Studi Kasus Dugaan Penyelundupan Aksesoris Senjata oleh Satgas Garbha II FPU 9 di UNAMID)

Authors

  • Eko Khatulistiono NIM. A2021151003 Universitas Tanjungpura

Abstract

Abstrak

Pemerintah Indonesia dalam rangka menjalankan amanat Pembukaan UUD 1945,                 "ikut melaksanakan ketertiban dunia yang berdasarkan kemerdekaan, perdamaian abadi, dan keadilan sosial," telah memberikan sumbangsih personel terbaiknya yang berasal dari kalangan sipil, militer dan kepolisian ke berbagai misi perdamaian yang dijalankan oleh PBB. Polri dalam hal ini turut ambil bagian dengan mengirimkan kontingen Formed Police Unit-nya (FPU) ke misi United Nation "“ African Union Hybrid Mission in Darfur (UNAMID) di Darfur, Sudan, sejak tahun 2008. DK PBB menyatakan bahwa mandat FPU di setiap misi perdamaian (political, peacebuilding maupun peacekeeping mission) adalah untuk memberikan perlindungan kepada personel dan properti PBB, perlindungan kepada warga sipil (terutama non kombatan) dan melaksanakan tugas operasional kepolisian lain yang membutuhkan kemampuan dan peralatan taktis. Kelengkapan berupa senjata api merupakan kebutuhan yang esensial guna mendukung pelaksanaan tugas FPU di daerah misi, namun beberapa personel FPU merasa kondisi senjata api yang dipinjam-pakaikan kepadanya sudah tidak sepenuhnya operasional kemudian berinisiatif untuk secara swadaya mengadakan dan membawa komponen yang dibutuhkan dari Indonesia, masuk ke dalam premis (tempat) milik UNAMID tanpa dilengkapi perizinan yang memadai baik dari otoritas Indonesia, Sudan maupun UNAMID sendiri selaku employer personel FPU tersebut. Sebagai subjek hukum internasional yang masih berada di bawah garis koordinasi PBB, UNAMID berkewajiban untuk melakukan investigasi (penyelidikan dan penyidikan) sesuai yang dinstruksikan oleh UNDPKO dan UNDFS terhadap dugaan tindak pidana yang terjadi. Dari perspektif hukum pidana nasional, perbuatan memasukkan dan/ atau mengeluarkan senjata api dari atau keluar wilayah Indonesia merupakan tindak pidana yang dapat diancam dengan pidana penjara, perbuatan serupa juga dikategorikan sebagai serious offence/ misconduct di UNAMID. Namun karena di UNAMID setiap personel FPU dibekali status expert on mission dengan imunitas terbatas (namun tidak kebal terhadap hukum Negara Tujuan), terhadap personel terduga pelaku dapat dijatuhi sanksi administratif terberat yaitu repatriasi (dikembalikan ke Negara Kontributor). Tesis ini mencoba membandingkan norma, azas dan nilai yang bekerja dalam regulasi terkait tindak pidana penyelundupan senjata dan komponennya baik di UNAMID maupun di Indonesia.

Kata Kunci: Perbandingan hukum, penyelundupan senjata, UNAMID, hukum pidana nasional


Abstract

The Government of Indonesia in order to carry out the mandate of the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution, "to participate in implementing world order based on independence, lasting peace and social justice," has contributed its best personnel from the civilian, military and police to various peace missions run by the United Nations. The National Police in this case took part by sending its Formed Police Unit (FPU) contingent to the United Nation - African Union Hybrid Mission in Darfur (UNAMID) in Darfur, Sudan, since 2008. The UNSC states that the mandate of the FPU in any peace mission (political, peacebuilding or peacekeeping mission) is to provide protection to UN personnel and property, protection to civilians (especially non-combatants) and carry out other operational police tasks that require tactical capabilities and equipment. Completeness in the form of firearms is an essential need to support the implementation of FPU duties in the mission area, but some FPU personnel feel that the condition of the firearms borrowed to them is not fully operational and then take the initiative to independently procure and bring the required components from Indonesia, into the premise (place) owned by UNAMID without being equipped with adequate licensing both from the Indonesian authorities, Sudan and UNAMID itself as the employer of the FPU personnel. As a subject of international law that is still under the UN coordination line, UNAMID is obliged to conduct investigations (inquiries and investigations) as instructed by UNDPKO and UNDFS on the alleged criminal acts that occurred. From the perspective of national criminal law, the act of entering and/or removing firearms from or out of the territory of Indonesia is a criminal offense punishable by imprisonment, similar acts are also categorized as serious offenses / misconduct in UNAMID. However, because in UNAMID every FPU personnel is equipped with expert on mission status with limited immunity (but not immune to the laws of the State of Destination), the personnel suspected of being perpetrators can be subject to the heaviest administrative sanction, namely repatriation (returned to the Contributing State). This thesis tries to compare the norms, principles and values that work in regulations related to criminal acts of smuggling weapons and their components both in UNAMID and Indonesia.

Keywords: Legal comparison, arms smuggling, UNAMID, national criminal law


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Published

2023-07-25