KEWAJIBAN NEGARA DALAM MENCEGAH PELANGGARAN HAM OLEH KORPORASI MULTINASIONAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26418/tlj.v9i2.89877Keywords:
human rights violations, international cooperation, multinational corporations, national regulations, state obligations.Abstract
Abstract The increasing activities of multinational corporations have significantly impacted human rights (HR), both positively and negatively. On the one hand, corporations contribute to the global economy; on the other hand, their activities are often associated with human rights violations, particularly in developing countries. This study aims to analyze the state"™s obligations in preventing human rights violations by multinational corporations through a normative-empirical legal approach. The findings reveal that weaknesses in domestic regulations, power imbalances between states and corporations, and the lack of cross-border monitoring mechanisms are the main challenges. Case studies, such as land disputes involving Freeport operations in Papua and the palm oil plantation sector in Kalimantan, demonstrate how weak regulations create gaps in human rights protection. To address these issues, the proposed strategies include national regulatory reforms, strengthening international cooperation through binding multilateral instruments, and enhancing the role of civil society and the media in public oversight. By implementing these measures, states can strengthen human rights protection and ensure that multinational corporations comply with their responsibilities under international legal standards. Abstrak Aktivitas korporasi multinasional yang semakin meningkat telah memberikan dampak signifikan terhadap Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM), baik secara positif maupun negatif. Di satu sisi, korporasi memberikan kontribusi ekonomi global; di sisi lain, aktivitas mereka sering kali dikaitkan dengan pelanggaran HAM, terutama di negara-negara berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kewajiban negara dalam mencegah pelanggaran HAM oleh korporasi multinasional melalui pendekatan hukum normatif-empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelemahan regulasi domestik, ketidakseimbangan kekuatan antara negara dan korporasi, serta kurangnya mekanisme pengawasan lintas negara menjadi tantangan utama. Studi kasus seperti konflik lahan adat dalam operasi Freeport di Papua dan sektor perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kalimantan memperlihatkan bagaimana regulasi yang lemah menciptakan celah dalam perlindungan HAM. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, strategi yang diusulkan meliputi reformasi regulasi nasional, penguatan kerjasama internasional melalui instrumen multilateral yang mengikat, serta peningkatan peran masyarakat sipil dan media dalam pengawasan publik. Dengan kombinasi langkah tersebut, negara dapat memperkuat perlindungan HAM dan memastikan korporasi multinasional mematuhi tanggung jawab mereka sesuai dengan standar hukum internasional.Downloads
Published
2025-08-07
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Copyright (c) 2025 Rudi Natamiharja

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
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