(Tanjungpura Law J. - TLJ) is a peer-reviewed journal published by Faculty of Law Universitas Tanjungpura twice a year in January and July. This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The aims of this journal is to provide a venue for academicians, researchers and practitioners for publishing the original research articles or review articles. The scope of the articles published in this journal deal with a broad range of topics in the fields of Criminal Law, Civil Law, Constitutional Law, International Law, Administrative Law, Islamic Law, and another section related contemporary issues in law. All papers submitted to this journal should be written in English or Indonesian language. Tanjungpura Law Journal is currently accredited SINTA 3 based on the Decree of the Director General of Higher Education, Research, and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, Number 177/E/KPT/2024 ISSN Print: 2541-0482 | ISSN Online: 2541-0490
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PRINSIP NON-INTERVENSI DAN PERLINDUNGAN HAM: KRISIS DIPLOMATIK ARAB SAUDI-KANADA
The diplomatic conflict between Saudi Arabia and Canada in 2018 drew significant attention in international law, as it emerged from Canada’s public criticism delivered through social media of the arrest of human rights activists in Saudi Arabia, which the Saudi government perceived as interference in its domestic affairs. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of bilateral relations between Saudi Arabia and Canada with regard to the application of the principle of non-intervention and the protection of human rights within the framework of international law. This research employs an empirical juridical approach, using data collection techniques including interviews, observation, and literature study on international legal instruments and contemporary sources such as official government statements, social media posts, and international news coverage from 2018 to 2023. An interview was conducted with a Saudi national as a social witness to public responses surrounding the rhetorical escalation between the two states. The findings indicate that Canada’s public call for the release of human rights activists does not, in itself, constitute prohibited intervention under international law, although the use of imperative language created a perception of coercion from the Saudi perspective. The tension between state sovereignty and the universality of human rights is shown to be contextual and shaped by broader geopolitical dynamics. The restoration of diplomatic relations in 2023 demonstrates that peaceful settlement, bilateral dialogue, and multilateral diplomacy remain the most effective mechanisms for navigating normative conflicts between non-intervention and human rights protection Abstrak Konflik diplomatik antara Arab Saudi dan Kanada pada tahun 2018 menjadi perhatian dalam hukum internasional karena memunculkan ketegangan yang bermula dari kritik terbuka Pemerintah Kanada terhadap penahanan aktivis HAM di Arab Saudi melalui media sosial, yang kemudian dianggap sebagai bentuk intervensi dalam urusan domestik oleh Pemerintah Saudi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dinamika hubungan bilateral antara Arab Saudi dan Kanada terhadap pelaksanaan prinsip non-intervensi dan perlindungan hak asasi manusia dalam konteks hukum internasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis empiris, dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, observasi, serta studi kepustakaan terhadap instrumen hukum internasional dan sumber-sumber aktual seperti pernyataan resmi pemerintah, unggahan media sosial, serta pemberitaan internasional terkait periode 2018–2023. Wawancara dilakukan dengan seorang warga negara Arab Saudi sebagai saksi sosial atas respons publik terhadap eskalasi retorika kedua negara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seruan publik Kanada mengenai pembebasan aktivis HAM tidak serta-merta memenuhi unsur intervensi yang dilarang dalam hukum internasional, meskipun diksi yang bersifat imperatif menimbulkan persepsi koersif bagi Arab Saudi. Ketegangan kedua prinsip kedaulatan dan universalitas HAM, menunjukkan bahwa batas keduanya bersifat kontekstual dan dipengaruhi dinamika politik global. Pemulihan hubungan diplomatik pada tahun 2023 membuktikan bahwa penyelesaian secara damai, dialog bilateral, dan diplomasi multilateral tetap menjadi mekanisme paling efektif dalam menavigasi konflik normatif antara non-intervensi dan penegakan HAM.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shely Aprilia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERTANGGUNG PASCA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI PERUBAHAN PASAL PEMBATALAN SEPIHAK
Abstract Constitutional Court Decision Number 83/PUU-XXII/2024 has strengthened the principle of protection for insured parties in health insurance contracts, but at the same time it also creates legal uncertainty regarding the legitimacy of the cancellation or non-renewal of the policy carried out unilaterally by the insurer in the event of concealment of the circumstances. This article analyzes how the validity of these actions after the Constitutional Court's decision is based on contract law, insurance law, and consumer protection law, which previously in Article 251 of the Commercial Code, concealment of circumstances resulted in the cancellation of insurance. Using a normative legal method through analysis of legislation, court decisions, and legal doctrine, this study emphasizes the role of the principle of good faith and the protective function of insurance contracts. The results of the study show that after Constitutional Court Decision Number 83/PUU-XXII/2024, Cancellation or rejection of a health insurance policy extension must be made based on an agreement between the parties or based on a court decision, and termination or rejection of a policy extension carried out unilaterally is invalid. Abstrak Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 83/PUU-XXII/2024 telah memperkuat prinsip perlindungan tertanggung dalam kontrak asuransi kesehatan, namun di saat bersamaan juga menimbulkan adanya ketidakpastian hukum mengenai legitimasi pembatalan atau tidak diperpanjangnya polis yang dilakukan secara sepihak oleh penanggung dalam hal terjadi penyembunyian keadaan. Artikel ini menganalisis bagaimana keabsahan tindakan tersebut pasca putusan MK berdasarkan hukum kontrak, hukum perasuransian, dan hukum perlindungan konsumen, yang sebelumnya dalam Pasal 251 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Dagang, penyembunyian keadaan mengakibatkan pembatalan pertanggungan. Dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif melalui analisis peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan pengadilan, dan doktrin hukum, penelitian ini menekankan peran asas itikad baik dan fungsi protektif kontrak asuransi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah Putusan MK Nomor 83/PUU-XXII/2024, pembatalan atau penolakan perpanjangan polis asuransi kesehatan harus dilakukan berdasarkan kesepakatan para pihak atau berdasarkan Putusan Pengadilan, dan pengakhiran atau penolakan perpanjangan polis yang dilakukan secara sepihak adalah tidak sah.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ferdian Handoyo Ang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
DUALISME YURISDIKSI DALAM PENYELESAIAN KERUGIAN KEUANGAN NEGARA: KONSEP INTEGRATIF TERHADAP PENEGAKAN HUKUM TIPIKOR
Abstract The eradication of corruption in Indonesia faces a dualism of jurisdiction between administrative law and criminal law in addressing state financial losses. The friction between these two legal regimes, particularly concerning the offense of abuse of authority, has generated legal uncertainty and fostered the phenomenon of policy criminalization, thereby hindering effective governance. This study employs normative legal research aimed at analyzing this dualism and formulating an integrative concept for the enforcement of corruption law. The analysis demonstrates that Constitutional Court Decision No. 25/PUU-XIV/2016 constitutes a critical turning point by transforming the offense of state financial loss into a material offense and affirming the necessity of proving malicious intent (mens rea) to distinguish administrative violations (maladministration) from corruption offenses. To reconcile this contradiction, the study proposes a Conditional Priority Model as an integrative framework. This model requires that any alleged state financial loss be subjected to prior administrative review by the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus (APIP) and the Administrative Court (PTUN) as an entry gate. Escalation to criminal proceedings may occur only under specific conditions, namely where strong indications of mens rea are found, where other criminal offenses coexist, or where there is non-compliance with administrative sanctions. This concept is expected to enhance legal certainty, protect public officials from unjust criminalization, and focus law enforcement resources on genuine acts of corruption. Abstrak Pemberantasan korupsi di Indonesia dihadapkan pada dualisme yurisdiksi antara hukum administrasi negara (HAN) dan hukum pidana dalam penyelesaian kerugian keuangan negara. Friksi antara dua rezim hukum ini, khususnya terkait delik penyalahgunaan wewenang, telah menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dan fenomena kriminalisasi kebijakan yang menghambat jalannya pemerintahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan hukum normatif dengan bertujuan untuk menganalisis dualisme tersebut dan merumuskan sebuah konsep integratif dalam penegakan hukum tindak pidana korupsi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 25/PUU-XIV/2016 menjadi titik balik penting dengan mengubah delik korupsi menjadi delik materiil dan menegaskan pentingnya pembuktian niat jahat (mens rea) untuk membedakan antara pelanggaran administratif (maladministrasi) dengan tindak pidana korupsi. Untuk mendamaikan kontradiksi ini, penelitian merekomendasikan sebuah Model Prioritas Bersyarat (Conditional Priority Model) sebagai konsep integratif. Model ini mengusulkan agar setiap dugaan kerugian negara wajib melalui pengujian administratif oleh APIP dan PTUN terlebih dahulu sebagai pintu masuk. Eskalasi ke proses pidana hanya dapat dilakukan secara bersyarat, yakni jika ditemukan indikasi kuat adanya mens rea, adanya delik lain yang menyertai, atau ketidakpatuhan terhadap sanksi administratif. Konsep ini diharapkan dapat menciptakan kepastian hukum, melindungi pejabat dari kriminalisasi, dan memfokuskan sumber daya penegakan hukum pada korupsi yang sesungguhnya.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zulkifli Andrian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
UNAMENDABLE CLAUSES IN CONSTITUTIONAL DYNAMICS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN INDONESIA, FRANCE, AND GERMANY
Abstract Unamendable provisions, or eternity clauses, have been extensively studied in comparative constitutional law, predominantly through the German model. However, existing scholarship largely focuses on consolidated democracies and assumes that textual entrenchment ensures effective constitutional constraint. This leaves a research gap regarding how unamendability operates in transitional constitutional systems. This article offers a functional comparison of unamendable provisions in Indonesia, Germany, and France by analysing their source (textual or judicial), scope of protection, and enforcement mechanisms. The Indonesian case provides a distinctive contribution by revealing a disconnect between explicit textual unamendability under Article 37(5) of the 1945 Constitution and the absence of a judicial doctrine of unconstitutional constitutional amendment. Moreover, the constitutional status of Pancasila illustrates a critical distinction between legal and political unamendability. The study’s originality lies in reconceptualising unamendability as an institutional practice rather than a purely textual safeguard, demonstrating that its effectiveness depends on judicial enforcement and constitutional culture rather than formal entrenchment alone. Abstrak Ketentuan yang tidak dapat diubah telah banyak dikaji dalam hukum tata negara perbandingan, terutama melalui model Jerman. Namun, kajian yang ada cenderung berfokus pada demokrasi yang telah terkonsolidasi dan mengasumsikan bahwa penguncian tekstual secara otomatis menghasilkan pembatasan konstitusional yang efektif. Hal ini menimbulkan kesenjangan penelitian mengenai unamendability dalam konteks demokrasi transisional. Artikel ini membandingkan Indonesia, Jerman, dan Prancis melalui pendekatan fungsional dengan menelaah sumber unamendability, ruang lingkup perlindungan, dan mekanisme penegakannya. Konteks Indonesia menawarkan kontribusi unik dengan menunjukkan ketegangan antara unamendability tekstual Pasal 37 ayat (5) UUD 1945 dan ketiadaan doktrin unconstitutional constitutional amendment. Selain itu, Pancasila memperlihatkan perbedaan penting antara unamendability yang bersifat hukum dan politik. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada pemahaman unamendability sebagai praktik institusional, bukan sekadar teknik perumusan konstitusi.
Copyright (c) 2026 Istikhomah Istikhomah Istikhomah, Dinta Febriawanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
UNIVERSAL JURISDICTION FOR TERRORISM CRIMES: A STUDY OF TERRORISM AS CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY
Abstract Categorizing terrorism as an international crime is not wrong, because the international elements of the crime have been fulfilled. Terrorist crimes involve more than one state, each possessing its own legal system and jurisdictional framework. A number of terrorist acts have been recorded as having disrupted international security stability, including those carried out by networks such as Al-Qaeda, ISIS, and others. In addition to these global terrorist groups, there are also well-known terrorist groups in the Southeast Asian region, namely the Abu Sayyaf Group. This legal research aims to examine universal jurisdiction over terrorism as an international crime, on the basis that terrorist acts may be considered to satisfy the elements of crimes against humanity, insofar as such acts are intentionally committed as part of a widespread attack, involve multiple actors, and target civilian populations at large. This research employs a qualitative normative legal method, utilizing a statute approach and a case approach, and drawing upon primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings indicate that the formulation of crimes against humanity constitutes the most appropriate legal basis for prosecuting terrorism under the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (ICC). The absence of a universally accepted definition of terrorism has resulted in terrorism not yet being included within the jurisdiction of the ICC. Furthermore, the failure at the regional level to effectively resolve issues related to terrorism underscores the need for a universally agreed definition of terrorism so that perpetrators may be prosecuted before international courts. Strengthened cooperation among states, both at the regional and global levels, is therefore necessary to ensure the effective eradication of terrorist crimes. Abstrak Mengkategorikan terorisme sebagai kejahatan internasional tidaklah salah, karena unsur-unsur internasional dari kejahatan tersebut telah terpenuhi. Dimana kejahatan terorisme melibatkan lebih dari satu negara yang di dalamnya terdapat sistem hukum dan penerapan yurisdiksi. Beberapa tindakan terorisme telah tercatat mengganggu stabilitas keamanan internasional, termasuk jaringan Al-Qaeda, ISIS dan sebagainya. Selain kelompok teroris di dunia, terdapat pula kelompok teroris yang cukup terkenal di kawasan Asia Tenggara, yaitu Kelompok Abu Sayyaf. Penelitian hukum ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji yurisdiksi universal terorisme sebagai kejahatan internasional, karena kejahatan terorisme dapat dikatakan memenuhi unsur-unsur kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan, yang mana tindakan dilakukan dengan sengaja sebagai bagian dari serangan yang meluas, melibatkan banyak pihak dan menargetkan semua warga negara. Penelitian hukum ini menggunakan metode normatif kualitatif, dengan statute approach dan case approach, serta bahan hukum yang digunakan yaitu bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelanggaran kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan dianggap sebagai formulasi yang paling tepat untuk mengadili kejahatan terorisme di bawah yurisdiksi ICC. Ketiadaan definisi terorisme yang universal menyebabkan hingga saat ini terorisme belum masuk dalam yurisdiksi ICC. Kegagalan di level regional untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan terorisme sehingga diperlukan kesepakatan definisi terorisme secara universal sehingga para pelaku kejahatan tersebut dapat di adili dalam peradilan internasional. Perlunya penguatan kerjasama antar negara baik di level regional maupun global agar pemberantasan kejahatan terorisme dapat maksimal.
Copyright (c) 2026 Levina Yustitianingtyas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
PENILAIAN KEAHLIAN SEBAGAI KONTRIBUSI MODAL NON-TUNAI DALAM PERUSAHAAN TERBATAS DI INDONESIA (UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 40/2007)
Abstract. This study examines the legal problem concerning the valuation of expertise as a form of non-cash capital contribution in Indonesian Limited Liability Companies under Law Number 40 of 2007. The absence of explicit regulation regarding expertise as capital creates legal uncertainty, particularly in determining fair value and ensuring objectivity in valuation. This research aims to analyze the normative framework governing non-cash capital contributions and to formulate a legal construction for valuing expertise within corporate law. This study employs doctrinal legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings reveal that expertise may be interpreted as an intangible asset under the phrase “other forms of capital,” yet the lack of standardized valuation methods and limited definition of independent experts creates potential conflicts of interest and legal uncertainty. This article proposes a reformulation of legal provisions, including explicit recognition of expertise as capital, standardization of valuation methods, and institutional mechanisms to ensure objectivity and legal certainty Abstrak Studi ini meneliti permasalahan hukum terkait penilaian keahlian sebagai bentuk kontribusi modal non-tunai dalam Perseroan Terbatas di Indonesia berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007. Ketiadaan regulasi eksplisit mengenai keahlian sebagai modal menciptakan ketidakpastian hukum, khususnya dalam menentukan nilai wajar dan memastikan objektivitas dalam penilaian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kerangka normatif yang mengatur kontribusi modal non-tunai dan merumuskan konstruksi hukum untuk menilai keahlian dalam hukum perusahaan. Studi ini menggunakan penelitian hukum doktrinal dengan pendekatan statutori dan konseptual. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa keahlian dapat diinterpretasikan sebagai aset tak berwujud dalam frasa "bentuk modal lainnya," namun kurangnya metode penilaian yang terstandarisasi dan definisi ahli independen yang terbatas menciptakan potensi konflik kepentingan dan ketidakpastian hukum. Artikel ini mengusulkan reformulasi ketentuan hukum, termasuk pengakuan eksplisit keahlian sebagai modal, standardisasi metode penilaian, dan mekanisme kelembagaan untuk memastikan objektivitas dan kepastian hukum
Copyright (c) 2026 NIKEN WAHYU MADIANINGRUM https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BRIDGING LAW AND PRACTICE: REFRAMING DISABILITY RIGHTS IN INDONESIAN FAITH-BASED CHILD PROTECTION THROUGH MAQASID AL-SHARIAH
Abstract This study examines the implementation of disability protection within a faith-based institution in Bananul Amanah Madiun Foundation, addressing a critical gap between normative legal frameworks and their practical realization in institutional care settings. It asks how disability laws are operationalized in practice and how maqāṣid al-sharīʿah can strengthen disability rights analysis beyond formal legal compliance. Using a qualitative socio-legal case study, the research draws on fieldwork conducted over three months involving eighteen participants, including administrators, caregivers, educators, parents, and children, supported by observations and institutional document analysis. The findings reveal a hybrid and adaptive model in which legal norms, religious values, and institutional practices interact dynamically. While the institution demonstrates strong commitment to safeguarding life, dignity, and basic welfare, implementation remains partial due to structural constraints such as limited resources, weak coordination, and insufficient professional capacity. The analysis shows that maqāṣid al-sharīʿah provides a systematic ethical framework that deepens rights-based evaluation by linking protection of life, intellect, and dignity to concrete institutional practices. This study contributes theoretically by integrating maqāṣid with socio-legal analysis to explain the gap between law and practice in disability protection. It implies that strengthening inclusive welfare systems in Muslim-majority contexts requires combining normative frameworks with institutional capacity building and integrated governance strategies. Abstrak Penelitian ini mengkaji implementasi perlindungan penyandang disabilitas pada institusi berbasis keagamaan, Yayasan Bananul Amanah Madiun, dengan menyoroti kesenjangan kritis antara kerangka hukum normatif dan realisasinya dalam praktik layanan kelembagaan. Pertanyaan penelitian ini meliputi: bagaimana regulasi disabilitas dioperasionalisasikan dalam praktik serta bagaimana maqāṣid al-sharīʿah dapat memperkuat analisis hak-hak disabilitas melampaui kepatuhan hukum formal. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus sosio-legal kualitatif, penelitian ini didasarkan pada kerja lapangan selama tiga bulan yang melibatkan delapan belas partisipan, termasuk pengelola, pengasuh, pendidik, orang tua, dan anak-anak, yang didukung oleh observasi serta analisis dokumen institusi. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan adanya model hibrida dan adaptif, di mana norma hukum, nilai-nilai keagamaan, dan praktik kelembagaan berinteraksi secara dinamis. Meskipun institusi menunjukkan komitmen yang kuat dalam melindungi kehidupan, martabat, dan kesejahteraan dasar, implementasinya masih bersifat parsial akibat kendala struktural seperti keterbatasan sumber daya, lemahnya koordinasi, dan kurangnya kapasitas profesional. Analisis ini menunjukkan bahwa maqāṣid al-sharīʿah menyediakan kerangka etis yang sistematis untuk memperdalam evaluasi berbasis hak dengan mengaitkan perlindungan jiwa, akal, dan martabat dengan praktik kelembagaan konkret. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi teoretis melalui integrasi maqāṣid dengan analisis sosio-legal untuk menjelaskan kesenjangan antara hukum dan praktik dalam perlindungan disabilitas. Implikasinya, penguatan sistem kesejahteraan inklusif di konteks negara mayoritas Muslim memerlukan integrasi antara kerangka normatif, penguatan kapasitas kelembagaan, dan strategi tata kelola yang terkoordinasi.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Fadhilah, Siti Nurhidayah, Mazro'atus Sa'adah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
DUKUNGAN NORMATIF BAGI PEKERJA PEREMPUAN DENGAN TANGGUNG JAWAB KELUARGA: UU KETENAGAKERJAAN HINGGA UU CIPTA KERJA
This article analyses the existence of normative support for women workers with family responsibilities in Indonesian labour law. The social structure of Indonesian society still views the function of family care as the responsibility of women. Therefore, working women are burdened with dual functions as workers and holders of care responsibilities. Both functions can lead to discrimination in the workplace for women workers. Normative support to protect these female workers is critical to note. The analysis was carried out by examining the regulations in the Manpower Act and the 2023 Job Creation Act. The analysis results show that the Acts contain several articles that provide normative support for women workers with family responsibilities, although they are not yet comprehensive and firm. First, this support is reflected in the regulations that require employers to consider the needs of workers and their families, both in employment relationships and in social security. Second, some provisions prohibit layoffs based on family responsibilities. In addition to these explicit regulations, several provisions can be implicitly interpreted as normative support for women workers with family responsibilities"”first, special regulations on reproductive health protection. Second, provisions mention the involvement of family or heirs in employment rights. Third, the recognition of significant events involving workers"™ families. However, existing regulations are still inadequate in providing comprehensive normative support for women workers with family responsibilities. Indonesia should immediately ratify the International Labour Organization Convention Number 156 to strengthen such protection.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nindry Sulistya Widiastiani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
PERBANDINGAN KETENTUAN TINDAK PIDANA PERZINAAN PASAL 284 KUHP LAMA DAN PASAL 411 KUHP NASIONAL
Abstract TThe regulation of adultery as a criminal offense in Indonesian criminal law has undergone a fundamental transformation with the enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code. For more than a century, adultery was regulated under Article 284 of the old Criminal Code, a legacy of Dutch colonial law grounded in the Continental European legal tradition. This provision narrowly defined adultery as a violation of marital fidelity and classified it as an absolute complaint offense. Social, cultural, and religious developments within Indonesian society have increasingly challenged the relevance of such a colonial-oriented regulation. This study aims to examine and compare the provisions on adultery under Article 284 of the old Criminal Code and Article 411 of the new Criminal Code, as well as to analyze their relevance to the development of Indonesia’s national criminal law. This research employs a qualitative method with a normative juridical approach through library research on statutory regulations and relevant legal literature. The findings indicate that Article 411 of the new Criminal Code expands the concept of adultery by framing it as a violation of social morality, no longer limited to individuals bound by marriage. This shift reflects a transformation from an individualistic colonial criminal law paradigm toward a national criminal law system rooted in Pancasila values and Indonesia’s socio-cultural characteristics. By maintaining adultery as a complaint-based offense, the new Criminal Code seeks to balance the protection of public morality with respect for individual privacy and human rights. This reform signifies Indonesia’s commitment to developing a contextual, sovereign, and value-based national criminal law system. Abstrak Pengaturan tindak pidana perzinaan dalam hukum pidana Indonesia mengalami perubahan mendasar seiring disahkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana. Selama lebih dari satu abad, ketentuan perzinaan diatur dalam Pasal 284 KUHP lama yang merupakan warisan hukum kolonial Belanda dan berlandaskan paradigma hukum Eropa Kontinental. Rumusan tersebut memandang perzinaan secara sempit sebagai pelanggaran terhadap kesetiaan dalam ikatan perkawinan dan menempatkannya sebagai delik aduan absolut. Perkembangan nilai sosial, agama, dan budaya masyarakat Indonesia mendorong perlunya pembaruan norma hukum pidana yang lebih mencerminkan jati diri bangsa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan ketentuan tindak pidana perzinaan dalam Pasal 284 KUHP lama dan Pasal 411 KUHP baru serta mengkaji kaitannya dengan pembangunan hukum pidana nasional Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan dan literatur hukum yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pasal 411 KUHP baru memperluas cakupan perzinaan dengan menempatkannya sebagai pelanggaran terhadap kesusilaan sosial, tidak lagi terbatas pada status perkawinan pelaku. Perubahan tersebut mencerminkan pergeseran paradigma dari hukum pidana kolonial yang individualistik menuju hukum pidana nasional yang berlandaskan nilai Pancasila dan karakter masyarakat Indonesia. Dengan tetap mempertahankan mekanisme delik aduan, KUHP baru berupaya menyeimbangkan perlindungan moral publik dengan penghormatan terhadap hak asasi manusia. Pembaruan ini menegaskan arah transformasi hukum pidana nasional Indonesia menuju sistem hukum yang mandiri, kontekstual, dan berkeadilan.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aswandi Aswandi, Safaruddin Harefa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
PROSPEK DAN TANTANGAN TABUNGAN PERUMAHAN RAKYAT DI BATAM: PERAN NEGARA DALAM MENJAMIN HAK PERUMAHAN RAKYAT
Abstract The Public Housing Savings Program (Tapera) is a government instrument aimed to fulfill the right to adequate housing in Indonesia which is also aligned with the principle of sustainability in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11. This research explores the prospects and challenges of Tapera in Batam City through a normative juridical methods with the combination of empirical data from interviews findings. The research analyzes the legal framework of Tapera as regulated in Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 21 Tahun 2024 and its allignment with SDG 11's goal of creating sustainable cities. Findings revealed several implementation challenges such as public distrust due to corruption risks to financial burdens for participants. This research highlights the critical needs for policy transparency and enhanced community participation. A key contribution of this research lies in its integration of welfare state theory with SDG implementation, particularly in the context of urban housing policy in areas with high migration. The results of this research shows that the Tapera program offers innovative solutions through various payment schemes to help Low-Income Communities (MBR) to obtain decent housing trough Home Ownership Loan (KPR), Home Construction Loan (KBR), and Home Renovation Loan (KRR), but on the other hand the program it still faces significant obstacles such as mismatch between housing supply and demand, public skepticism, and inefficiencies in fund management. Interviews results also reflect a predominantly negative view of the program. From the perspective of welfare state theory, Tapera represents a manifestation of the government’s responsibility to ensure citizens' right to housing and improve social welfare. This research also provides suggestions regarding reassessment of the Tapera financing scheme, reconsideration of the program’s financial burden, rebuilding public trust, and simplifying fund disbursement procedures. Abstrak Program Tabungan Perumahan Rakyat (Tapera) merupakan instrumen pemerintah dalam memenuhi hak atas perumahan yang layak di Indonesia yang juga sesuai dengan prinsip keberlanjutan pembangunan Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11. Penelitian ini mengkaji mengenai prospek dan tantangan Tapera di Kota Batam dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan kombinasi data empiris dari hasil wawancara. Penelitian menganalisis kerangka hukum Tapera berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 21 Tahun 2024 dan kesesuaiannya dengan tujuan SDG 11 tentang kota berkelanjutan. Temuan mengungkap berbagai tantangan implementasi seperti ketidakpercayaan masyarakat akibat risiko korupsi hingga beban finansial bagi peserta. Penelitian ini kebutuhan kritis atas pentingnya transparansi kebijakan, dan penguatan partisipasi masyarakat. Penelitian memberikan kontribusi baru dengan menghubungkan teori negara kesejahteraan dengan implementasi SDGs melalui analisis kebijakan perumahan di kawasan urban dengan migrasi tinggi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa program Tapera menawarkan solusi inovatif melalui berbagai skema pembayaran untuk membantu Masyarakat Berpenghasilan Rendah (MBR) memperoleh hunian yang layak dengan skema Kredit Pemilikan Rumah (KPR), Kredit Bangun Rumah (KBR), atau Kredit Renovasi Rumah (KRR), namun di sisi lain program ini juga menghadapi berbagai tantangan seperti kesenjangan antara ketersediaan dan permintahan perumahan, adanya resistensi masyarakat, beban bagi pemberi kerja, ketidakpercayaan masyarakat, dan juga sistem pengelolaan dana yang belum optimal. Hasil wawancara dengan responden menunjukkan pandangan negatif terhadap program ini. Berdasarkan analisa dengan menggunakan teori negara kesejahteraan, program ini adalah salah satu bentuk dari peran pemerintah dalam memenuhi hak atas perumahan rakyat untuk menyejahterakan rakyat. Penelitian ini memberikan saran terkait peninjauan kembali terhadap skema pembiayaan tapera, pertimbangan kembali untuk beban dari program, pembangunan kepercayaan masyarakat, dan penyerdehananaan proesdur pencairan dana.
Copyright (c) 2026 Celline - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/