The implementation of civic education learning in indonesia: a systematic literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26418/jppkn.v6i1.92829Keywords:
learning, civic education, citizenshipAbstract
This study examines the development of Civic Education learning in Indonesia in recent years, focusing on analyzing trends in academic publications related to this topic. Through a literature study approach, data was collected from 200 relevant articles drawn from journals, proceedings, theses, and other documents obtained through observation and analysis of documents using the Publish or Perish and Scopus Premium applications. The study's findings show an increase in the number of publications by 2024, reflecting the growing interest in the importance of Civic Education in the context of democratization and diversity in Indonesia. Despite fluctuations, Indonesia shows rapid research growth, although it still lags behind countries with stronger academic traditions, such as the United States and China. Civic Education learning in Indonesia is shifting towards a more transformative and inclusive approach, emphasizing social and contextual relevance. This approach prepares the younger generation to participate actively in democratic life. Therefore, it is essential for Civic Education learning in Indonesia to continue to be adapted to local social and cultural needs to form critical, caring, and responsible citizens. This research contributes to understanding the development of Civic Education in Indonesia. It serves as a reference for developing a curriculum more adaptive to socio-cultural dynamicsReferences
Arfani, J. W., & Nakaya, A. (2020). Citizenship education in Indonesia and Japan: A dynamic endeavour to form national character. Citizenship Teaching & Learning, 15(1), 45–62. https://doi.org/10.1386/ctl_00019_1
Balogun, I. N., & Yusuf, A. (2019). Teaching civic education to learners through best practices. Anatolian Journal of Education, 4(1), 39–48. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1244518
Banks, J. A. (2020). Diversity, transformative knowledge, and civic education: Selected essays (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003018360
Banks, J. A. (2022). Failed Citizenship and Transformative Civic Education. In The Challenge of Radicalization and Extremism: Integrating Research on Education and Citizenship in the Context of Migration (Vol. 19). BRILL. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Au77EAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA17&dq=Failed+Citizenship+and+Transformative+Civic+Education&ots=I2puOnQOK_&sig=oCi981mMfD42T6CrqCHt3804y3A&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Failed%20Citizenship%20and%20Transformative%20Civic%20Education&f=false
Blevins, B., Karon, L., & and Wells, S. (2016). Innovations in Civic Education: Developing Civic Agency Through Action Civics. Theory & Research in Social Education, 44(3), 344–384. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2016.1203853
Bowyer, B., & Kahne, J. (2020). The digital dimensions of civic education: Assessing the effects of learning opportunities. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 69, 101162. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2020.101162
Campbell, D. E. (2019). What Social Scientists Have Learned About Civic Education: A Review of the Literature. Peabody Journal of Education, 94(1), 32–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956X.2019.1553601
campbell, D. E., & Niemi, R. G. (2016). Testing Civics: State-Level Civic Education Requirements and Political Knowledge. American Political Science Review, 110(3), 495–511. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055416000368
Campillo-Ferrer, J. M., Miralles-MartÃnez, P., & Sánchez-Ibáñez, R. (2020). Gamification in higher education: Impact on student motivation and the acquisition of social and civic key competencies. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12124822
Coelho, M., & Menezes, I. (2023). University Social Responsibility, Service Learning, and Students’ Personal, Professional, and Civic Education. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.617300
Dewi, D. A., & Budimansyah, D. (2020). The Effect of Civics Learning Implementation on Improving Civic Literacy in Digital Citizenship Era. 2nd Annual Civic Education Conference (ACEC 2019), 77–81. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200320.015
Duncan, K. E. (2023). Civic Engagement in Communities of Color: Pedagogy for Learning and Life in a More Expansive Democracy. Teachers College Press. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=-GPdEAAAQBAJ
Erlande, R. (2021). Analysis of the Problems Civic Education Teachers in the Development of Learning Media. International Conference of Humanities and Social Science (ICHSS), 798–803. https://programdoktorpbiuns.org/index.php/proceedings/article/view/109
Freire, P. (2021). Education for Critical Consciousness. Bloomsbury Publishing. http://digital.casalini.it/9781350190160
Gailey, S. M., & and Knowles, R. T. (2022). Exploring preservice teachers’ civic education beliefs with Q methodology. Teaching Education, 33(4), 470–490. https://doi.org/10.1080/10476210.2021.1979511
Hahn, J. W. (2017). Soviet Grassroots: Citizen Participation in Local Soviet Government. Princeton University Press. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=tJUrDgAAQBAJ
Hopkins, E. A. (2017). John Dewey and Progressive Education. The Journal of Educational Thought (JET) / Revue de La Pensée Éducative, 50(1), 59–68. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26372390
Indriyani, D., Komalasari, K., Malihah, E., & Fitriasari, S. (2023). The Impact of Project-Based Learning to Build Student Civic Engagement in the Digital Age. 4th Annual Civic Education Conference (ACEC 2022), 120–125. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-096-1_14
Japar, M., & Fadhillah, D. N. (2019). Teacher Competence: The Implementation of Scientific Approach in Civic Education Learning. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Learning Innovation (ICLI 2018)-Developing Capability Through Learning Innovation, 114–120.
Kimmons, R., & Rosenberg, J. M. (2022). Trends and Topics in Educational Technology, 2022 Edition. In TechTrends (Vol. 66, Issue 2, pp. 134–140). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-022-00713-0
Knowles, R. T. (2021). Teaching Who You Are: Connecting Teachers’ Civic Education Ideology to Instructional Strategies. Theory & Research in Social Education, 46(1), 68–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2017.1356776
Knowles, R. T., Torney-Purta, J., & Barber, C. (2018). Enhancing citizenship learning with international comparative research: Analyses of IEA civic education datasets. Citizenship Teaching and Learning, 13(1), 7–30. https://doi.org/10.1386/ctl.13.1.7_1
Komalasari, K., & Saripudin, D. (2018). The influence of living values education-based civic education textbook on student’s character formation. International Journal of Instruction, 11(1), 395–410. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2018.11127a
Komara, E. (2018). Curriculum and civic education teaching in Indonesia. In EDUCARE. journals.mindamas.com. https://doi.org/10.2121/edu-ijes.v10i1.929.g839
Marsudi, K. E. R., & Sunarso, S. (2019). Contents Analysis of the Pancasila Education and Citizenship Students’ Book for High School Curriculum 2013. KnE Social Sciences, 3(17), 447–459. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i17.4670
Nurdin, E. S. (2015). The Policies on Civic Education in Developing National Character in Indonesia. International Education Studies, 8(8), 199–209. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1070783.pdf
Payne, Katherina A, Adair, Jennifer Keys, Colegrove, Kiyomi Sanchez Suzuki, Lee, Sunmin, Falkner, Anna, McManus, Molly, & Sachdeva, Shubhi. (2019). Reconceptualizing civic education for young children: Recognizing embodied civic action. Education, Citizenship and Social Justice, 15(1), 35–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/1746197919858359
Pontes, Ana Isabel, Henn, Matt, & Griffiths, Mark D. (2024). Youth political (dis)engagement and the need for citizenship education: Encouraging young people’s civic and political participation through the curriculum. Education, Citizenship and Social Justice, 14(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1746197917734542
Prasetiyo, W. H., Sumardjoko, B., Muhibbin, A., Naidu, N. B. M., & Muthali’in, A. (2023). Promoting digital citizenship among student-teachers: The role of project-based learning in improving appropriate online behaviors. Participatory Educational Research, 10(1), 389–407. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.23.21.10.1
Reichert, F., & Torney-Purta, J. (2019). A cross-national comparison of teachers’ beliefs about the aims of civic education in 12 countries: A person-centered analysis. Teaching and Teacher Education, 77, 112–125. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.09.005
Roche, J., Bell, L., Galvão, C., Golumbic, Y. N., Kloetzer, L., Knoben, N., Laakso, M., Lorke, J., Mannion, G., & Massetti, L. (2020). Citizen science, education, and learning: challenges and opportunities. Frontiers in Sociology, 5, 613814. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2020.613814
Rudolph, J. L., & Horibe, S. (2023). What do we mean by science education for civic engagement? 6(53), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21303
Sabzalian, L. (2019). The tensions between Indigenous sovereignty and multicultural citizenship education: Toward an anticolonial approach to civic education. Theory & Research in Social Education, 47(3), 311–346. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2019.1639572
Santoso, G. (2021). The Philosophical Power of Civic Education 21st Century in Indonesia. IJEBD (International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Development), 4(1), 72–79. https://doi.org/10.29138/ijebd.v4i1
Santoso, G., Abdulkarim, A., & Sapriya, B. M. (2023). Curriculum matrix citizenship education; development perspective, change, and evaluation. PICEI 2022: Proceedings of the 1st Pedagogika International Conference on Educational Innovation, PICEI 2022, 15 September 2022, Gorontalo, Indonesia, 129.
Santoso, G., Al Muchtar, S., & Abdulkarim, A. (2015). Analysis SWOT Civic Education curriculum for senior high school year 1975-2013. JURNAL CIVICUS, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.17509/civicus.v15i1.2073
Schulz, W., Fraillon, J., Losito, B., Agrusti, G., Ainley, J., Damiani, V., & Friedman, T. (2023). IEA international civic and citizenship education study 2022 assessment framework. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20113-4
Sulistyarini, S., Utami, T., & Hasmika, H. (2019). Project citizen model as character education strengthening. Journal of Education, Teaching and Learning, 4(1), 233–237. https://doi.org/10.26737/jetl.v4i1.1023
Sumardjoko, B., & Musyiam, M. (2018). Model of civic education learning based on the local wisdom for revitalizing values of Pancasila. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan, 37(2). https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v37i2.18037
Sundawa, D., & Dahliyana, A. (2022). Strengthening civic education through project citizen as an incubator for democracy education. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 43(3), 763–768. https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/kjss/article/view/260344
Wahab, A. A., & Sapriya. (2023). Teori dan landasan pendidikan kewarganegaraan. In Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya. PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Westheimer, J. (2019). Civic Education and the Rise of Populist Nationalism. Peabody Journal of Education, 94(1), 4–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956X.2019.1553581
Witarsa, & Muhammad, S. (2023). Critical thinking as a necessity for social science students capacity development: How it can be strengthened through project based learning at university. Frontiers in Education, 7, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.983292
Yan, W. J., & Chiou, S. C. (2021). The safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage from the perspective of civic participation: The informal education of chinese embroidery handicrafts. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094958
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Pendidikan PKN (Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors submit manuscript to the Jurnal Pendidikan PKn
- Authors certify that the work reported here has not been published before and contains no materials the publication of which would violate any copyright or other personal or proprietary right of any person or entity.
- Authors transfer or license the copyright of publishing to Jurnal Pendidikan PKn to publish the article in any media format, to share, to disseminate, to index, and to maximize the impact of the article in any databases.
- Authors hereby agree to transfer a copyright for publishing to Jurnal Pendidikan PKn as a Publisher of the manuscript.
- Authors reserve the following:
- all proprietary rights other than copyright such as patent rights;
- the right to use all or part of this article in future works of our own such as in books and lectures;
- use for presentation in a meeting or conference and distributing copies to attendees;
- use for internal training by author's company;
- distribution to colleagues for their research use;
- use in a subsequent compilation of the author's works;
- inclusion in a thesis or dissertation;
- reuse of portions or extracts from the article in other works (with full acknowledgement of final article);
- preparation of derivative works (other than commercial purposes) (with full acknowledgement of final article); and
- voluntary posting on open web sites operated by author or author"™s institution for scholarly purposes, but it should follow the open access license of Creative Common CC BY-NC License.