Pengelolaan Air Limbah pada Proyek Konstruksi: Tinjauan Sistem Zero Liquid Discharge
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26418/jtllb.v14i1.100727Keywords:
Zero liquid discharge, Wastewater management, Construction projects, Energy efficiencyAbstract
Wastewater management in construction projects is a strategic issue in supporting sustainable development. The Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) system has emerged as an innovative solution to eliminate liquid effluents through water recovery and solid utilization. This study employs a literature review approach, covering scientific publications from 2016–2025, to identify the efficiency, technical challenges, and policy implications of ZLD implementation in the construction sector. The findings show that ZLD can recover 85–98% of wastewater, producing water that meets reuse standards for non-potable purposes such as equipment cleaning, concrete curing, and dust suppression. System efficiency is influenced by wastewater characteristics, technological configuration, and energy sources, with specific energy consumption ranging from 5 to 12 kWh/m3. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis indicates that ZLD reduces water pollution by up to 95%, but may increase carbon emissions by around 20% if low-carbon energy is not used. Strategically, ZLD integration requires supportive green policies, sustainable financing, and the adoption of circular-economy principles to accelerate the transition to green construction.References
AlMallahi, M. N., Selim, M. Y. E., & Elgendi, M. (2025). Exploring the potential of interfacial solar evaporation for Sustainable Development Goals: A review. Environmental Challenges, 21(10), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2025.101348
Apriliani, S. D., Sari, G. L., & Amanah, N. (2025). Studi Literatur: Efektivitas Penyisihan Kelimpahan Mikroplastik Menggunakan Teknologi Filter Pasir dan Membran Reverse Osmosis Pada Pengolahan Air Minum. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah, 13(2), 119–125. https://doi.org/10.26418/jtllb.v13i2.94199
Audiana, M., Apriani, I., & Kadaria, U. (2017). Pengolahan Limbah Cair Laboratorium Teknik Lingkungan dengan Koagulasi dan Adsorpsi untuk Menurunkan COD, Fe, dan Pb. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah, 5(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.26418/jtllb.v5i1.18012
Avramidi, M., Loizou, C., Kyriazi, M., Malamis, D., Kalli, K., Hadjicharalambous, A., & Kollia, C. (2025). Optimization of the Quality of Reclaimed Water from Urban Wastewater Treatment in Arid Region: A Zero Liquid Discharge Pilot Study Using Membrane and Thermal Technologies. Membranes, 15(7), 199. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes15070199
Bonciarelli, M. A., & others. (2025). Sustainable Stormwater Management and Bioretention: A Comprehensive Review on Functioning, Advantages, and Limitations. Land, 14(4), 736. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14040736
Chalaris, M., Gkika, D. A., Tolkou, A. K., & Kyzas, G. Z. (2023). Advancements and sustainable strategies for the treatment and management of wastewater from the metallurgical industry: an overview. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(11), 627–653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30891-0
Chimanlal, I., Nthunya, L. N., Quist-Jensen, C., & Richards, H. (2022). Membrane distillation crystallization for water and mineral recovery: The occurrence of fouling and its control during wastewater treatment. Frontiers in Chemical Engineering, 4, 1066027. https://doi.org/10.3389/fceng.2022.1066027
Dong, R., Yu, H., & Lu, J. (2025). Progress and Prospect of Solid Waste Utilization in Construction Industry: A Bibliometric Analysis Based on CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Buildings, 15(3), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15071044
Elginoz, N., Papadaskalopoulou, C., & Harris, S. (2022). Using life cycle assessment at an early stage of design and development of zero discharge brine treatment and recovery. Water Resources and Industry, 28(7), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wri.2022.100184
Fernandez, G. T., He, Z., Kessie, J., & Yu, J. (2025a). Zero Liquid Discharge of High-Salinity Produced Water via Integrated Membrane Distillation and Crystallization : Experimental Study and Techno-Economic Analysis. Membranes, 15(9), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes15090281
Fernandez, G. T., He, Z., Kessie, J., & Yu, J. (2025b). Zero Liquid Discharge of High-Salinity Produced Water via Integrated Membrane Distillation and Crystallization : Experimental Study and Techno-Economic Analysis. Membranes, 15(9), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes15090281
Ferri, E. N., & Bolelli, L. (2025). Wastewater Remediation Treatments Aimed at Water Reuse: Recent Outcomes from Pilot- and Full-Scale Tests. Applied Science, 15(2), 1–45. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15052448
Grigg, N. S. (2024). Stormwater Management: An Integrated Approach to Support Healthy, Livable, and Ecological Cities. Urban Science, 8(3), 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci8030089
Haddad, B., Alassaad, F., & Sebaib, N. (2025a). Impact of Collected and Recycled Concrete Plant Washing Water on the Physical, Chemical, and Mechanical Properties of Mortars. Materials, 18(4), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18071641
Haddad, B., Alassaad, F., & Sebaib, N. (2025b). Impact of Collected and Recycled Concrete Plant Washing Water on the Physical, Chemical, and Mechanical Properties of Mortars. Materials, 18(4), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18071641
He, L., Tan, T., Gao, Z., & Fan, L. (2019). The Shock Effect of Inorganic Suspended Solids in Surface Runoff on Wastewater Treatment Plant Performance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030453
Izzati, S. N., Ardi, R., & Kim, S. (2024). Evaluating Drivers and Barriers of Integrated Waste Management System Implementation in Indonesian Construction Industry: A DEMATEL-Based Analytical Network Process. Sustainability, 16(3), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062264
Ji, X., Chen, H., Liu, H., & others. (2025). Interfacial Solar Evaporation for Treating High-Salinity Wastewater: A Review. Processes, 13(9), 2679. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13092679
Kieselbach, M., Hogen, T., Geiben, S., Track, T., Rapp, H., Koschikowski, J., Went, J., Horn, H., Saravia, F., Bauer, A., Schwantes, R., Pfei, D., Heyn, N., Weissroth, M., & Fitzke, B. (2020). Towards a zero liquid discharge process from brine treatment: Water recovery, nitrate electrochemical elimination, and potential valorization of hydrogen and salts. Science of the Total Environment, 10(4), 443–461. https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2020.033
Liang, L., Xi, F., Tan, W., Meng, X., Hu, B., & Wang, X. (2021). Review of organic and inorganic pollutants removal by biochar and biochar-based composites. Biochar, 3(3), 255–281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-021-00101-6
Liao, B., Zeng, X., Ling, Z., Zhao, S., Li, B., & Han, X. (2025). Recent Advances in Zero Discharge Treatment Technologies for Desulfurization Wastewater in Coal-Fired Power Plants : A Mini-Review. Processes, 13(3), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13040982
Maddikeari, M., Das, B. B., Tangadagi, R. B., Roy, S., Nagaraj, P. B., & Ramachandra, M. L. (2024). A Comprehensive Review on the Use of Wastewater in the Manufacturing of Concrete: Fostering Sustainability through Recycling. Recycling, 9(3), 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling9030045
Mohan, S., Oke, N., & Gakul, D. (2021). Conventional and zero liquid discharge treatment plants for textile wastewater through the lens of carbon footprint analysis. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 12(5), 1392–1403. https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2020.100
Mulyana, T., Wardana, N. A., & Apriani, I. (2025). Penerapan Teknologi Ramah Lingkungan Untuk Mengurangi Limbah Pada Industri Pengolahan Kayu. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah, 13(1), 133–141. https://doi.org/10.26418/jtllb.v13i1.87189
Nydrioti, I., & Grigoropoulou, H. (2025). Optimizing Water Footprint and Energy Use in Industry: A Decision Support Framework for Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Applied to a Brewery. Water, 17(8), 1179. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17081179
O’Connell, M. G., Rajendran, N., Elimelech, M., & others. (2024). Analysis of energy, water, land, and cost implications of zero and minimal liquid discharge desalination technologies. Nature Water, 2, 1116–1127. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44221-024-00327-1
Panagopoulos, A. (2025a). Assessing the Energy Footprint of Desalination Technologies and Minimal/Zero Liquid Discharge (MLD/ZLD) Systems for Sustainable Water Protection via Renewable Energy Integration. Energies, 18(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18040962
Panagopoulos, A. (2025b). Assessing the Energy Footprint of Desalination Technologies and Minimal/Zero Liquid Discharge (MLD/ZLD) Systems for Sustainable Water Protection via Renewable Energy Integration. Energies, 18(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18040962
Poirier, K., Al Mhanna, N., & Patchigolla, K. (2022). Techno-Economic Analysis of Brine Treatment by Multi-Crystallization Separation Process for Zero Liquid Discharge. Separations, 9(10), 295. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations9100295
Prado, A., Nicolás, D., Molina-garcía, Á., & García-bermejo, J. T. (2023). Desalination, minimal and zero liquid discharge powered by renewable energy sources : Current status and future perspectives. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 187(6), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113733
Prateep Na Talang, R., & others. (2022). Life cycle environmental impacts and cost evaluation of wastewater treatment and sludge management scenarios. Scientific Reports, 12, 13924. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18852-y
Sanchis-Carbonell, J., Carrero-Ferrer, I., Sáez-Fernández, A., Monzonís, M. P., Campíns-Falco, P., & Montiel, V. (2024). Science of the Total Environment Towards a zero liquid discharge process from brine treatment: Water recovery, nitrate electrochemical elimination and potential valorization of hydrogen and salts. Science of the Total Environment, 926(3), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172060
Sawadogo, A., Kone, A. S., Mansare, D. A., & others. (2024). Integrated Coagulation--Flocculation and Membrane Filtration for Sugar Industries: A Comprehensive Treatment Approach for Effluent after an Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor. Heliyon, 10(23), e40805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40805
Sayed, M. M. El, Abulnour, A. M. G., Tewfik, S. R., & Shaalan, H. F. (2022). Reverse Osmosis Membrane Zero Liquid Discharge for Agriculture Drainage Water Desalination: Technical, Economic, and Environmental Assessment. Membranes, 12(9), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12100923
Schoknecht, U., Tietje, O., Borho, N., Burkhardt, M., Rohr, M., Vollpracht, A., & Weiler, L. (2022). Environmental Impact of Construction Products on Aquatic Systems---Principles of an Integrated Source--Path--Target Concept. Water, 14(2), 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14020228
Schussler, J. C., Perez, M. A., Whitman, J. B., & Cetin, B. (2022). Field-Monitoring Sediment Basin Performance during Highway Construction. Water, 14(23), 3858. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14233858
Sha, Y., & others. (2024). A Review of Strategies and Technologies for Sustainable Decentralized Wastewater Treatment. Water, 16(20), 3003. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16203003
Silva, J. A. (2023). Wastewater Treatment and Reuse for Sustainable Water Resources Management: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability, 15(14), 10940. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151410940
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104(6), 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
Syahrul, G., Kadaria, U., & Nugrahaen, P. W. (2025). Pengolahan Air Gambut dengan Menggunakan Pengolahan Lengkap di Sungai Putat Kota Pontianak. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah, 13(1), 150–158. https://doi.org/10.26418/jtllb.v13i1.89192
Tafesse, S., Girma, Y. E., & Dessalegn, E. (2022). Analysis of the socio-economic and environmental impacts of construction waste and management practices. Heliyon, 8(3), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09169
Tarrass, F., Benjelloun, O., & Benjelloun, M. (2021). Towards zero liquid discharge in hemodialysis. Possible issues. Nefrologia, 41(6), 620–624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nefro.2020.12.012
Tong, T., & Elimelech, M. (2016). The Global Rise of Zero Liquid Discharge for Wastewater Management: Drivers, Technologies, and Future Directions. Environmental Science & Technology, 50(7), 46−55. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b01000
Uler-Zefikj, A., & others. (2025). Plastic Additives and Their Environmental Fate: Recent Advances and Analytical Challenges. Materials, 18(9), 2103. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18092103
Venghaus, S., Reimers, M., & Menzel, M. (2023). Evaluation of a Modular Filter Concept to Reduce Microplastics and Other Solids from Urban Stormwater Runoff. Water, 15(3), 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15030506
Xavier, L. D., Yokoyama, L., Oliveira, V. R. De, Ribeiro, G. T., & Araújo, O. (2020). The Role of Coagulation-flocculation in the Pretreatment of Reverse Osmosis in Power Plant. Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, 8(1), 118–131. https://doi.org/10.13044/j.sdewes.d7.0266
Xu, F., Zhao, S., Li, B., Li, H., Ling, Z., Zhang, G., & Liu, M. (2024). Current Status of Zero Liquid Discharge Technology for Desulfurization Wastewater. Water, 16(6), 900. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16060900
Zhou, Y., Long, J., Mo, J., Deng, Z., Xie, Y., Lu, H., Li, H., Wang, N., Mai, S., Huang, H., & Deng, Y. (2024). Antimony removal using zero-valent iron-manganese bimetallic nanomaterial: Adsorption behavior and mechanism. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 36(8), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2024.103812
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The articles in this journal are under the copyright of the author of the article. This article is open access from the journal.