Evaluasi Water Sustainability Index Pada Sistem Penyediaan Air Bersih Berbasis Masyarakat di Mata Air Lerak, Kota Semarang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26418/jtllb.v14i1.98520Keywords:
Sustainability, Efficiency, Resilience, Community SupportAbstract
The need for water continues to rise with population growth, while environmental degradation threatens its availability. In Semarang City, nearly half of the springs show declining discharge. Lerak Spring, still used directly by the community, faces pressure from settlement expansion and weak management. This study aimed to evaluate the sustainability of the community-based clean water supply system at Lerak Spring using the Water Sustainability Index (WSI) within the Sustainability Assessment Framework for Community Water Systems (SAFE-Comm). Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation combined with indicator scoring. The results show a score of 2.59, categorized as good, indicating that the system meets community needs to a degree but still requires further improvement.References
Amantha, G. K. (2021). Peran Pemerintah Desa dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat: (Studi pada Pengelolaan Sumber Mata Air Panas Desa Way Urang). Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan Widya Praja, 47(1), 67–79. https://doi.org/10.33701/jipwp.v47i1.1490
Babel, M., Chapagain, K., Shinde, V., Prajamwong, S., &
Apipattanavis, S. (2022). A disaggregated assessment of national water security: An application to the river basins in Thailand. Journal of Environmental Management, 321, 115974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115974
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2024). Laju Pertumbuhan Penduduk (Persen). https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/MTk3NiMy/laju-pertumbuhan-penduduk.html
Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2008). SNI 6989-58:2008 Air dan Air Limbah: Cara Uji Kesadahan Total.
Benavides-Muñoz, H. M. (2025). Index of Sustainability of Water Supply Systems (ISA): An Autonomous Framework for Urban Water Sustainability Assessment in Data-Scarce Settings. Sustainability, 17(24), 11293. https://doi.org/10.3390/su172411293
Bhatta, R., Loc, H. H., Babel, M. S., & Chapagain, K. (2024a). Assessment and enhancement of community water supply system sustainability: A dual framework approach. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2024.100486
Bhatta, R., Loc, H. H., Babel, M. S., & Chapagain, K. (2024b). Assessment and Enhancement of Community Water Supply System Sustainability: A Dual Framework Approach. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 24, 100486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2024.100486
Bithas, K. (2008). The Sustainable Residential Water Use: Sustainability, Efficiency, and Social Equity. The European Experience. Ecological Economics, 68(1--2), 221–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.02.021
Butler, D., Farmani, R., Fu, G., Ward, S., Diao, K., & Astaraie-Imani, M. (2014). A new approach to urban water management: Safe and sure. Procedia Engineering, 89, 347–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.198
Charles, K. J., Nowicki, S., Ong, L. A., Johnston, D., & Mahmud, Z. H. (2025). Interpreting Drinking Water Quality Samples: Understanding Contamination Pathways at the Point of Collection. PLOS Water, 4(10), e0000373. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000373
Chaves, H. M. L., & Alipaz, S. (2007). An Integrated Indicator Based on Basin Hydrology, Environment, Life, and Policy: The Watershed Sustainability Index. Water Resources Management, 21(5), 883–895. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-006-9107-2
Daniel, D., Al Djono, T. P., & Iswarani, W. P. (2023). Factors related to the functionality of community-based rural water supply and sanitation programs in Indonesia. Geography and Sustainability, 4(1), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geosus.2022.12.002
Daniel, D., Prawira, J., Al Djono, T. P. A., Subandriyo, S., Rezagama, A., & Purwanto, A. (2021). A System Dynamics Model of the Community-Based Rural Drinking Water Supply Program (PAMSIMAS) in Indonesia. Water, 13(4), 507. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13040507
Dwigianto, B., Tarore, R. C., & Moniaga, I. L. (2023). Analisis Perlindungan Mata Air di Kota Tomohon. Sabua: Jurnal Lingkungan Binaan Dan Arsitektur, 12(2), 58–67. https://doi.org/10.35793/sabua.v12i2.52603
Evaristo, J., Jameel, Y., Tortajada, C., & others. (2023). Water woes: The institutional challenges in achieving SDG 6. Sustainable Earth Reviews, 6, 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42055-023-00067-2
Fielmua, N., & Dongzagla, A. (2020). Independent Water Pricing of Small Town Water Systems in Ghana. Heliyon, 6(6), e04299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04299
Gabrielli, M., Pulcini, F., Barbesti, G., & Antonelli, M. (2024). Source to tap investigation of natural organic matter in non-disinfected drinking water distribution systems. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, 10, 128–143. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EW00280B
Haider, H., Sadiq, R., & Tesfamariam, S. (2014). Performance Indicators for Small- and Medium-Sized Water Supply Systems: A Review. Environmental Reviews, 22(1), 1–40. https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2013-0013
Hassanein, M. A., El Nemr, A., & Madkour, F. F. (2022). Global water shortage and potable water safety: Today’s concern and tomorrow’s crisis. Environment International, 158, 106936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106936
Hendrickson, G., & Sela, L. (2024). Optimizing equity in intermittent water supply systems: A volume-driven demand and flow control approach. Sustainable Cities and Society, 112, 105615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105615
How District Metered Areas Influence Water Loss and Minimum Night Flow: A Transient Flow Analysis. (2022). Sustainability, 14(17), 10511. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710511
Jarzebski, M. P., Karthe, D., Chapagain, S. K., Setiawati, M. D.,
Wadumestrige Dona, C. G., Pu, J., & Fukushi, K. (2024). Comparative Analysis of Water Sustainability Indices: A Systematic Review. Water, 16(7), 961. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16070961
Juwana, I., Perera, B. J. C., & Muttil, N. (2010). A Water Sustainability Index for West Java. Part 1: Developing the Conceptual Framework. Water Science and Technology, 62(7), 1629–1640. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.452
Kayama, A. P., Maryani, A. T., & Suryono, S. (2023). Analisis Keberlanjutan Program Penyediaan Air Minum dan Sanitasi Berbasis Masyarakat (PAMSIMAS) di Kecamatan Mersam Kabupaten Batanghari Provinsi Jambi. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 23(2), 1267–1274. https://doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v23i2.4115
Kementerian Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia. (2023). Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 144 Tahun 2023 tentang Pedoman Pembangunan Desa.
Kurniatin, P. R. E., & Maksum, I. R. (2022). Sustainable Strategy for Community-Based Drinking Water Supply (PAMSIMAS) Post Program in Rural Indonesia. Journal of Governance and Public Policy, 9(3), 211–224. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgpp.v9i3.14629
Lestiani, K., Jati, D. R., & Jumiati, J. (2022). Analisis Kesediaan Membayar (Willingness to Pay) Masyarakat Kecamatan Sambas terhadap Biaya Retribusi Kebersihan. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah, 10(2), 164–173. https://doi.org/10.26418/jtllb.v10i2.56105
Loubser, C., Chimbanga, B. M., & Jacobs, H. E. (2021). Intermittent water supply: A South African perspective. Water SA, 47(1). https://doi.org/10.17159/wsa/2021.v47.i1.9440
Macchiaroli, M., Dolores, L., & De Mare, G. (2023). Multicriteria Decision Making and Water Infrastructure: An Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process for a Sustainable Ranking of Investments. Applied Sciences, 13(14), 8284. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13148284
Machado, A. V. M., Oliveira, P. A. D., & Matos, P. G. (2022). Review of Community-Managed Water Supply—Factors Affecting Its Long-Term Sustainability. In Water (Switzerland) (Vol. 14, Issue 14). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14142209
Martuti, N. K. T., Setyowati, D. L., Rahayuningsih, M., Dewi, N. K., Sidiq, W. A. B. N., & Mutiatari, D. P. (2023). Springs Distribution and Biophysical Mapping as a Strategy to Preserve Water Sources in Semarang City, Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Management & Tourism, 14(1), 113–125. https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.14.1(65).11
Nur Cahyo, I., & others. (2024). Social capital in the implementation of the community-based water supply program. Jurnal Teknik Pengairan, 10(1), 185–192. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtp.2024.010.01.21
Nurliansyah, M. I. (2016). Efektivitas Tanaman Genjer dalam Menurunkan BOD dan COD Limbah Cair Tahu Hasil Proses Anaerob. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah, 4(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.26418/jtllb.v4i1.13919
Ong, K. S., Koh, C., Ng, C. J., Teo, J. T., & Low, K. W. (2023). Residents’ perceptions of fairness impact their support for cost recovery in Singapore’s water services. Sustainability Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-023-01334-6
Osborne, N., & Grant-Smith, D. (2021). In-Depth Interviewing. In S. Baum (Ed.), Methods in Urban Analysis (pp. 105–125). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1677-8_7
Pemerintah Kota Semarang. (2021). Peraturan Daerah Kota Semarang Nomor 5 Tahun 2021 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Daerah Nomor 14 Tahun 2011 tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kota Semarang Tahun 2011--2031.
Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. (2022). Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 22 Tahun 2022 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup.
Pohan, D. A. S., Budiyono, B., & Syafrudin, S. (2016). Analisis Kualitas Air Sungai Guna Menentukan Peruntukan Ditinjau dari Aspek Lingkungan. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 14(2), 63–71. https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.14.2.63-71
Pramesti, A. C., Yuniar, A. D., Utami, R. P., Christyadi, L. A., Dipanegara, A. R., Fariz, T. R., Jabbar, A., Kholil, P. A., & Haris, A. (2025). Analisis Perubahan Lahan di Sekitar Mata Air Kabupaten Tegal Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis. Pranatacara Bhumandala: Jurnal Riset Planologi, 6(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.32795/sn7ar398
Pranyoto, S. P. (2024). Blue Horizons: Menavigasi Kebijakan Publik untuk Melindungi dan Memulihkan Ekosistem Perairan. Indonesia Emas Group.
Prayoga, N. A., & others. (2023). Inter-village cooperation for fulfilling clean water needs in volcanic disaster areas. Water Conservation and Management, 7(2), 131–136. https://doi.org/10.26480/wcm.02.2023.131.136
Purwadi, C. E., Shabrina, D., Gunawan, M., Trihadianta, M. R., Mustikawati, L. H., Jabbar, A., & Haris, A. (2023). Sustainability of Community-Based Management of Lerak Spring in Semarang City. Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 3(2), 127–134. https://doi.org/10.15294/jese.v3i2.78200
Purwono, F. H., Ulya, A. U., Purnasari, N., & Juniatmoko, R. (2019). Metodologi Penelitian (Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan Mix Method). Guepedia.
Putra, R. E., & Zevi, Y. (2021). Sustainability Analysis of Community-Based Rural Water Supply (RWS) (Case Study: PAMSIMAS Program in Ponggang Village and Talagasari Village, Subang District, West Java Province). Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan, 27(2). https://doi.org/10.5614/j.tl.2021.27.2.5
Rajapakshe, N. H., Balasooriya, S., & Hurlimann, A. (2023). Exploring user preferences in water supply services and willingness-to-pay for water: Evidence from rural Sri Lanka. Frontiers in Water, 5, 1143137. https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1143137
Rifandini, A. (2022). Innovative policy of village clean water governance through typological dynamics of formal and informal institutions in spring villages. Matra Pembaruan: Jurnal Inovasi Kebijakan, 6(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.21787/mp.6.1.2022.1-11
Rita, R., Saputri, H., & Mira, M. (2025). Green Accounting: Dampak Transformasi Energi Hijau dalam Pengelolaan Lingkungan yang Berkelanjutan. Jurnal Ekualisasi, 6(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.60023/bmvsbr61
Rogers, P., De Silva, R. D., & Bhatia, R. (2002). Water Is an Economic Good: How to Use Prices to Promote Equity, Efficiency, and
Sustainability. Water Policy, 4(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1366-7017(02)00004-1
Semiun, C. G., Arisoesilaningsih, E., & Retnaningdyah, C. (2013). Degradation of Riparian Tree Diversity on Spring Fed Drains and Its Impacts on Water Quality, East Java. Journal of Tropical Life Science, 3(2), 120–126. https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.03.02.09
Setyaningtyas, R. (2023). A Strategi Pengelolaan Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum yang Berkelanjutan di Perdesaan. Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.5614/j.tl.2023.28.1.3
Shunglu, K. P., Köpke, S., Kanoi, B. N., & Withanachchi, S. S. (2022). Barriers in Participative Water Governance: A Critical Analysis of Community-Based Drinking Water Management and Sustainability in India. Water, 14(5), 762. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14050762
Sidiq, W. A., Sanjoto, T. B., & Tri Martuti, N. K. (2022). Land Use Change Analysis of Springs Conditions in Gunungpati Sub-District, Semarang City. Geosfera Indonesia, 7(2), 130–144. https://doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v7i2.32085
Umami, A., Sukmana, H., Wikurendra, E. A., & Paulik, E. (2022). A Review on Water Management Issues: Potential and Challenges in Indonesia. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 8(3), 63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-022-00648-7
Unknown. (2022). Pathways to consumer demand and payment for professional maintenance of rural water infrastructure in low-income contexts. Science of the Total Environment, 815, 152906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152906
Unknown. (2024). Social Capital and Collective Action in the Sustainable Management of the Rural Drinking Water Supply System. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam Dan Lingkungan (JPSL), 14(1), 66. https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.14.1.66
Unknown. (2025). Drinking water supply for communities affected by natural disaster emergencies: A qualitative study. BMC Emergency Medicine, 25, 70. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-025-01225-9
Using System Dynamics to Analyze the Impact of a Water Tariff Structure in Metropolitan Cities. (2023). Water, 15(18), 3244. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15183244
Wahyurini, E. T., Nurmalasari, Y., & Nazizah, F. (2024). Peran Masyarakat dalam Pengelolaan Sampah melalui World Clean-Up Day Indonesian (WCDI) di Pantai Talang Siring, Kabupaten Pamekasan. Journal of Human and Education (JAHE), 4(6), 995–1004. https://doi.org/10.31004/jh.v4i6.1974
Wandari, M. P. A., Jati, E. G. D., Holeng, V. A., Ma’ruf, S. A. Q., Rahmawati, D., Jabbar, A., & Fariz, T. R. (2023). Keberlanjutan Sistem Penyediaan Air Bersih Berbasis Masyarakat di Kota Semarang. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah, 11(2), 408–416. https://doi.org/10.26418/jtllb.v11i2.61103
Wandi, T., Soeryamassoeka, S. B., & Nirmala, A. (2024). Analisis Perubahan Tata Guna Lahan terhadap Debit Banjir di Sub DAS Sekayam. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah, 12(4), 917–926. https://doi.org/10.26418/jtllb.v12i4.82961
Zhang, Y., Lin, X., Nowell, P., Davey, J., Butler, D., Pidgeon, N., Osei, E. R., & Colquhoun, A. (2023). Prepaid water meters and sustainable water supply: The importance of context. Utilities Policy, 85, 101676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2023.101676
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The articles in this journal are under the copyright of the author of the article. This article is open access from the journal.